Hazards

Question 1

Hazard risk

Answer 1

The probability or chance that a natural hazard may take place

Question 2

Natural hazard

Answer 2

A natural event that threatens people or has the potential to cause damage , destruction and death

Question 3

Basaltic lava

Answer 3

Basaltic lava is another term for mafic lava. Maficlava is molten rock that is enriched in iron and magnesium and low in silica

Question 4

Conservative plate margin

Answer 4

Tectonic plate margin where two tectonic plates slide past each other

Question 5

Constructive plate margin

Answer 5

Tectonic plate margin where rising magma adds new material to plates that are diverging or moving apart

Question 6

Destructive plate margin

Answer 6

Tectonic plate margin where two plates are converging or coming together and oceanic plate is subducted. It can be associated with violent earthquakes and explosive volcanoes

Question 7

Earthquake

Answer 7

A sudden or violent movement within the earth’s crust followed by a series of shocks

Question 8

Fissure

Answer 8

A linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts, usually without any explosive activity

Question 9

Hotspot

Answer 9

An area in the mantle from which heat rises as a thermal plume from deep in the earth

Question 10

Immediate responses

Answer 10

The reaction of people as the disaster happens and in the immediate aftermath

Question 11

Long term responses

Answer 11

Later reactions that occur in the weeks, months, years after the event

Question 12

Monitoring

Answer 12

Recording physical changes, such as earthquakes tremors around a volcano, to help forecast when and where a natural hazard might strike

Question 13

Plate margin

Answer 13

The margin or boundary between two tectonic plates

Question 14

Planning

Answer 14

Actions taken to enable communities to respond to, and recover from, natural disasters, through measures such as emergency evacuation plans, information management, communications and warning signs

Question 15

Prediction

Answer 15

Attempts to forecast when and where a natural hazard will strike, based on current knowledge. This can be done to some extent for volcanic eruptions (and tropical storms), but less reliably for earthquakes

Question 16

Primary effects

Answer 16

The initial impact of a natural event in people and property, caused directly by it, for instance the ground buildings collapsing following an earthquake

Question 17

Protection

Answer 17

Actions taken before a hazard strikes to reduce its impact, such as educating people of improving building design

Question 18

Secondary effects

Answer 18

The after effects that occur as indirect impacts of a natural event, sometimes in a longer timescale, for instance fires due to ruptured gas mains resulting from the ground shaking

Question 19

Subglacial eruptions

Answer 19

A volcanic form produced by subglacial eruptions or eruptions beneath the surface of a glacier or ice sheet which is then melted into a lake by the rising lava

Question 20

Tectonic hazard

Answer 20

A natural hazard caused by movement of tectonic plates

Question 21

Tectonic plate

Answer 21

A rigid segment of the earth’s crust which can “float” across the heavier, semi molten rock below. Continental lattes are less dense, but thicker than oceanic plates.

Question 22

Volcano

Answer 22

An opening in the earths crust from which lava ash and gases erupt

Question 23

Volcanism

Answer 23

Volcanic activity or phenomena