Global Systems and Global governance

Question 1

what is globalisation?

Answer 1

Globalisation is a process by which national economies, societies and cultures have become increasingly intergrated through the global network of trade, communication, transport and immigration.

Question 2

Kofi Annan, Sept 2000

Answer 2

former secretary - general of the UN “It has been said that arguing against globalisation is like arguing against the laws of gravity.`

Question 3

define colonialism

Answer 3

the policy or practice of a power in extending control over weaker nations or peoples

Question 4

define empire

Answer 4

an extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state

Question 5

define land locked

Answer 5

(of a country or region) almost or entirely surrounded by land

Question 6

define development

Answer 6

economic development is the process by which a nation improves the economic, political, and social well-being of its people

Question 7

Describe Uganda’s population issues

Answer 7

1/3 of the 35 million population live below the national poverty line
life expectancy is only at 59years

Question 8

Describe Inequalities and Injustices in Uganda

Answer 8

• Poverty is greatest in rural areas. The majority of population are smallholder subsistence farmers
• British East Africa company strongly influenced the coountriy’s exports; low value primary products such as the cash crops of coffee, tea and cotton were exported around the empire, dominating Uganda’s exports
• Fish is a traditional food staple; one of the most profitable exports. However due to over-fishing this is unsustainable ; predatory Nile perch being introduced has resulted in reductions in stocks of indigenous fish to extinction levels.

Question 9

Describe stability, growth and development in Uganda

Answer 9

The instillation of fixed cables is cost prohibitive, but cheap wireless technology now means that telephones and access to the internet is possible even in the most remote areas - the “village phone” model,

Question 10

Describe the “village phone” model in Uganda

Answer 10

The model offers loans to people wishing to start a mobile phone business. This loan allows the purchase of a mobile phone, a car battery to charge it and a booster antenna to pick up a signal

Question 11

Describe how Nigeria has unequal flows

Answer 11

Nigeria is a single product economy - oil and gas accounts for more that 80% of it’s national income. Nigeria has neither the technology nor the skills to extract the oil and so large oil companies are encouraged to develop the reserves. They do this with little regard for environment or the local people.

Question 12

describe Containerisation

Answer 12

-17 million shipping containers in the world
-in total containers make around 200 million trips per year
there are 90,000 ocean-going cargo ships
-85% of all ship pollution is in the northern hemisohere
-shipping is responsible for 3.4% to 4% of all climate change

Question 13

Advantages of containerisation

Answer 13

• more efficient
• process is sped up considerably
• global dimensions

Question 14

Influences on location of large container ports

Answer 14

• accessability
• how developed a country is
• consumers and manufacturing hotspots

Question 15

Advantages of international trade

Answer 15

Comparative advantage - countries specialise in producing goods efficiently and at the lowest cost
Purchasing power- increasing trade results in increased competition that lowers prices
Fewer domestic monopolies - prices kept high when a single firm controls large portion of domestic market
Increased Employment - increased production of exports = more jobs created

Question 16

disadvantages of international trade

Answer 16

Over specialisation- if demand falls or goods can be produced more quickly elsewhere then production needs to swap to other products
Stunted growth or decline of local and emerging industries
Exploitive and labour intensive industries
De-skilling - traditional skills and rafts may be lost
“Product Dumping” - exporting at a price that is lower in the foreign market

Question 17

what is a trade bloc

Answer 17

a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organisation, where regional barriers to trade (tarrifs and non tarrif boundaries) are reduced or eliminated amount the participating states.

Question 18

what is a trade agreement

Answer 18

a wide randing tax, tarrif and trade treaty that often includes investment guarentees.

Question 19

Define Trade

Answer 19

trade is the movement of goods and services from producers to consumers, measured in geographical terms by the movement of these items from one country to another.

Question 20

Define Comparative advantage

Answer 20

It is the principle that countries can benefit from specialising in the production of goods at which they are relatively more efficient or skilled. In this way, the consumers within each country gain the maximum benefit from international trade.

Question 21

What is the OECD

Answer 21

a group of countries established in 1961 that aims to coordinate international aid for developing countries as well as providing a forum for discussion on eonomi growth and trade. Its members are mainly drawn from the high-income countries of the developed world.