Hazards: 5.1 Hazards in a Geographical Context

Question 1

Define a Hazard

Answer 1

Process phenomenon/human activity - cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts

Question 2

Define a Natural Hazard

Answer 2

Extreme natural events - causes loss of life & extreme damage

Question 3

Define Geophysical Hazards and outline examples

Answer 3

Caused by Earth’s own internal energy source (e.g: Volcanoes/tectonic plates)

Question 4

Define Atmospheric Hazards and outline examples

Answer 4

Caused by atmospheric processes (e.g: droughts and tropical storms)

Question 5

Define Hydrological Hazards and outline examples

Answer 5

Caused by water bodies (mainly oceans) (e.g: floods, tsunamis and storm surges)

Question 5

Define Primary Impacts and name an example

Answer 5

Immediate effect on the area (e.g: destroyed buildings)

Question 6

Define Secondary Impacts and name an example

Answer 6

After an event as a result of primary impacts (e.g disease)

Question 7

How can a natural event become a hazard?

Answer 7

When people are present

Question 8

Define HIC

Answer 8

Higher Income Country - have a GNI per capita of $12,535 or <

Question 9

Define NEE

Answer 9

Newly Emerging Country - countries experiencing high economic development rates & rapid industrialization

Question 10

Define LIC

Answer 10

Lower Income Country - have a GNI per capita of $1,035 or >

Question 11

Define Prediction

Answer 11

Estimating what will happen in the future or the consequences of something

Question 12

Define Adaption

Answer 12

Minimising the impacts of anticipated adverse effects

Question 13

Define Mitigation

Answer 13

Actions taken to reduce long-term damage caused by risks

Question 14

Define the Park Model

Answer 14

Plots the quality of life after the disaster against time after the disaster

Question 15

Define the Relief section in the Park Model

Answer 15

Hours/days after an event - immediate local/global response (e.g: aid)

Question 16

Define the Rehabilitation section in the Park Model

Answer 16

Days/weeks after an event - temporary services are made in order to start the reconstruction phase quickly

Question 17

Define the Reconstruction section in the Park Model

Answer 17

Weeks/years after an event - restoration to same or better quality of life before the event took place - measures to reduce impact of future event

Question 18

Define the Preparedness section in the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 18

Can educate public to minimise impact of hazard - speed up recovery process

Question 19

Outline the Response section in the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 19

Emergency plans impact response speed.
Immediate responses save lives and provide medical assistance

Question 20

Outline the Recovery section in the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 20

Restoring the area to normality
Short term = restores services
Long term = pre-event levels

Question 21

Outline the Mitigation section in the Hazard Management Cycle

Answer 21

Reduces severity of an event
E.g: Building design, protection and aid

Question 22

Define Fatalism

Answer 22

Process of acceptance - letting nature take its course
Sometimes it can be a regenerative process for the area