Hazards: 5.1 Hazards in a Geographical Context Flashcards
Define a Hazard
Process phenomenon/human activity - cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts
Define a Natural Hazard
Extreme natural events - causes loss of life & extreme damage
Define Geophysical Hazards and outline examples
Caused by Earth’s own internal energy source (e.g: Volcanoes/tectonic plates)
Define Atmospheric Hazards and outline examples
Caused by atmospheric processes (e.g: droughts and tropical storms)
Define Hydrological Hazards and outline examples
Caused by water bodies (mainly oceans) (e.g: floods, tsunamis and storm surges)
Define Primary Impacts and name an example
Immediate effect on the area (e.g: destroyed buildings)
Define Secondary Impacts and name an example
After an event as a result of primary impacts (e.g disease)
How can a natural event become a hazard?
When people are present
Define HIC
Higher Income Country - have a GNI per capita of $12,535 or <
Define NEE
Newly Emerging Country - countries experiencing high economic development rates & rapid industrialization
Define LIC
Lower Income Country - have a GNI per capita of $1,035 or >
Define Prediction
Estimating what will happen in the future or the consequences of something
Define Adaption
Minimising the impacts of anticipated adverse effects
Define Mitigation
Actions taken to reduce long-term damage caused by risks
Define the Park Model
Plots the quality of life after the disaster against time after the disaster
Define the Relief section in the Park Model
Hours/days after an event - immediate local/global response (e.g: aid)
Define the Rehabilitation section in the Park Model
Days/weeks after an event - temporary services are made in order to start the reconstruction phase quickly
Define the Reconstruction section in the Park Model
Weeks/years after an event - restoration to same or better quality of life before the event took place - measures to reduce impact of future event
Define the Preparedness section in the Hazard Management Cycle
Can educate public to minimise impact of hazard - speed up recovery process
Outline the Response section in the Hazard Management Cycle
Emergency plans impact response speed.
Immediate responses save lives and provide medical assistance
Outline the Recovery section in the Hazard Management Cycle
Restoring the area to normality
Short term = restores services
Long term = pre-event levels
Outline the Mitigation section in the Hazard Management Cycle
Reduces severity of an event
E.g: Building design, protection and aid
Define Fatalism
Process of acceptance - letting nature take its course
Sometimes it can be a regenerative process for the area
