Hazards Flashcards
What is a natural hazard
A naturally occurring event that can cause loss to human life as well as property damage and socio-economic impacts
What is a geophysical hazard
A hazard caused by the movement of the earth
Example - earthquake, volcano
What is a atmospheric hazard
Hazards related to weather
Tropical storms
What is a hydrological hazard
A hazard related to a water process
Droughts
Floods
Mudslides
What is dreggs model of vulnerability
Hazardous natural event
+
Vulnerable population
=
Disaster
What is a mega disaster
Over 2000 deaths
200,000 made homeless
Over a year of foreign aid dependancy
What are natural hazard trends
Frequency of natural hazards and people affected by them have increased
Destructiveness of earthquakes has increased
Humanity’s capacity to cope has increased
We have better awareness, preparedness and tech
What is the formula for risk
Risk (R) = Hazard (H) x vulnerability (V)
Capacity to cope (C)
What are hazard perceptions
Socio-economic status
Level of eduction
Occupation/employment status
Cultural background - gods will
Past experiences
What is the hazard management cycle
A systematic process aimed at reducing the impacts of disasters
What is the prevention/mitigation stage of the hazard management cycle
Identifying potential hazard and taking steps to reduce their impacts
What is the preparedness stage of the hazard management cycle
Minimising loss of life and property damage, while also facilitating response and recovery stages
What is the response stage of the hazard management cycle
Coping with a disaster, making areas safe and reducing economic loss
What is the recovery stage of the hazard management cycle
Short term - focus on people’s immediate needs
-> temporary shelter
Long term - focus on people’s long term needs
-> rebuilding of homes
How is the mitigation and prevention stage carried out
Land use planning
Building codes and enforcement of these codes
Building defensive structures
How is the preparedness stage carried out
Setting up early warning systems
Creating evacuation routes
Stock piling aid and equipment/supplies
How is the response stage carried out
Search and rescue
Evacuation if needed
Setting up temporary shelter
Providing food and water
How is the recovery stage carried out
Restoring power and running water
Homes are rebuilt
Future precautions are put in place
What are the advantages of the hazard management cycle
Focus on preparation which can reduce loses
Helps to assess whether hazard management has been successful
Reduces stress/anxiety as locals know something is being done to mitigate their effects
What are the disadvantages of the hazard management cycle
Generic and unquantifiable
More applicable to HICs, who have more money
What is the park model
Aims to show the effects a hazard has on the quality of life in an area over time
What are the 5 stages in the Park model
Pre- disaster
Impact
Relief
Rehabilitation
Reconstruction
What is pre-disaster in the park mode
Normality before the hazard
What is impact in the park model
When the event occurs
Still a normal quality of life
What is relief in the park model
The immediate response,
Search and rescue
Temporary shelter
Providing food and water
Hours and days
What is the rehabilitation stage in the park model
Restoring services and infrastructure as well as setting up temporary services
Days to weeks
What is the reconstruction stage of the park model
Permanent restoration aimed at the same quality of life as before the hazard occurred
Months to years
What are the advantages of the park model
Applicable to HICs and LICs
Shows preparedness of an area, by seeing how the QOL changed
Comparable to other data
Specific to a location
What are disadvantages of the park model
QOL is different for everyone
Doesn’t show the number of deaths nor damage to property
