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Geography > Hazards > Flashcards

Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

hazard geography?

A

study of natural and ecological hazards, where and how to minimise their impact

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2
Q

natural hazards?

A

atmospheric, hydrological, geomorphic processes and events in our environment that have the potential to affect people

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3
Q

geomorphic hazards?

A
  • hazards created by movement of earths surface of crust
  • driven by geological processes of the earth
    e.g. earthquake, tsunami, volcanoes, landslides
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4
Q

atmospheric hazards?

A
  • hazards created by weather processes
  • driven by natural processes within the earths atmosphere
    e.g. cyclone, storms, tornadoes, heatwaves, bushfires
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5
Q

hydrological hazards?

A
  • driven by hydrological processes in the water cycle
  • atmospheric processes contribute to water cycle
    e.g. floods, avalanches, blizzards, droughts
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6
Q

ecological hazards?

A
  • biological or chemical hazards has the potential to impact the wellbeing of people and environment
  • driven by biological processes and are associated with life forms
    e.g. infectious diseases, animal transmitted diseases
    e.g. human caused, oil, toxic waster, nuclear
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7
Q

spatial distribution?

A

how features are arranged on the earths surface

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8
Q

spatial association?

A

the relationship between the distribution patterns of different features on the earths surface

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9
Q

temporal distribution?

A

the distribution of geographical events over time

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10
Q

magnitude?

A
  • the measurement of the strength or intensity of a hazard
  • the stronger the hazard, the higher the magnitude, the more impact
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11
Q

duration?

A

the length of time that a hazard event lasts

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12
Q

frequency?

A

how often a hazard event occurs in a particular area/country

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13
Q

probability?

A

the likelihood of a hazard event occurring in the future

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14
Q

scale of spatial impact?

A

the extent of an area that is impacted by a hazard

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15
Q

what is spatial technology? and examples

A

any software or hardware that interacts with real-world locations
e.g. drones, GPS, satellite

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16
Q

what is spatial technology used for?

A
  • recording and storing info
  • identifying and investigating spatial patterns
  • presenting and communicating information and findings
17
Q

what is mitigation?

A

the actions taken place to minimise or eliminate the risk of a hazard

18
Q

what are the 3 phases of risk management?

A
  1. pre-disaster planning
  2. during the disaster
  3. post-disaster
19
Q

what is the hazard management cycle?

A

illustration of four stages that seek to reduce the scale of a disaster.
preparation, response, recovery, mitigation

20
Q

examples of geomorphic hazards

A

volcanoes - mount pinatubo
earthquakes - gorkha nepal 2015

20
Q

what are seismic waves and the types?

A
  • the energy waves that travels through the earth when there has been a sudden breaking of the crust
  • primary waves, secondary waves
20
Q

what is the epicentre?

A

the point directly above the focus point on the earths surface

21
Q

what is an earthquake?

A

the sudden and often violent shaking of the earths crust caused by the passage of seismic waves

22
Q

what is oceanic and continental crusts made of?

A

oceanic - basalt
continental - granite

23
Q

what is vulnerability?

A

the risk of exposure and the inability of the community to respond and cope

24
Q

convergent, divergent, transform?

A

convergent - merge together (subduction)
divergent - away from each other
transform - slide by each other

25
Q

vulnerability to earthquakes? physical and human

A

physical
- landforms
- time of year
- location
human
- location
- economic factors
- education
- government
- technology

26
Q

examples of atmospheric hazards?

A
  • the millennium drought aus (14 yrs, low rainfall)
  • black saturday bushfire (2019-2020, heatwave)
27
Q

examples of hydrological hazards?

A

brisbane floods (2010-11, weather events)

28
Q

examples of ecological hazards?

A
  • animal invasian: cane toads
  • infectious disease : covid 19

Geography (6 decks)

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