Hazards Flashcards
hazard geography?
study of natural and ecological hazards, where and how to minimise their impact
natural hazards?
atmospheric, hydrological, geomorphic processes and events in our environment that have the potential to affect people
geomorphic hazards?
- hazards created by movement of earths surface of crust
- driven by geological processes of the earth
e.g. earthquake, tsunami, volcanoes, landslides
atmospheric hazards?
- hazards created by weather processes
- driven by natural processes within the earths atmosphere
e.g. cyclone, storms, tornadoes, heatwaves, bushfires
hydrological hazards?
- driven by hydrological processes in the water cycle
- atmospheric processes contribute to water cycle
e.g. floods, avalanches, blizzards, droughts
ecological hazards?
- biological or chemical hazards has the potential to impact the wellbeing of people and environment
- driven by biological processes and are associated with life forms
e.g. infectious diseases, animal transmitted diseases
e.g. human caused, oil, toxic waster, nuclear
spatial distribution?
how features are arranged on the earths surface
spatial association?
the relationship between the distribution patterns of different features on the earths surface
temporal distribution?
the distribution of geographical events over time
magnitude?
- the measurement of the strength or intensity of a hazard
- the stronger the hazard, the higher the magnitude, the more impact
duration?
the length of time that a hazard event lasts
frequency?
how often a hazard event occurs in a particular area/country
probability?
the likelihood of a hazard event occurring in the future
scale of spatial impact?
the extent of an area that is impacted by a hazard
what is spatial technology? and examples
any software or hardware that interacts with real-world locations
e.g. drones, GPS, satellite
what is spatial technology used for?
- recording and storing info
- identifying and investigating spatial patterns
- presenting and communicating information and findings
what is mitigation?
the actions taken place to minimise or eliminate the risk of a hazard
what are the 3 phases of risk management?
- pre-disaster planning
- during the disaster
- post-disaster
what is the hazard management cycle?
illustration of four stages that seek to reduce the scale of a disaster.
preparation, response, recovery, mitigation
examples of geomorphic hazards
volcanoes - mount pinatubo
earthquakes - gorkha nepal 2015
what are seismic waves and the types?
- the energy waves that travels through the earth when there has been a sudden breaking of the crust
- primary waves, secondary waves
what is the epicentre?
the point directly above the focus point on the earths surface
what is an earthquake?
the sudden and often violent shaking of the earths crust caused by the passage of seismic waves
what is oceanic and continental crusts made of?
oceanic - basalt
continental - granite
