Hazardous Earth Flashcards
Explain the theories behind 2 different natural causes behind climate change?
Orbital theory
The earths obits around the sun changes over time, changing the earth’s climate
There are 3 orbital changes over long periods of time this is called the milan koritch cycles
Every 100,000 years, the earth orbit changes from circular to elliptical, then back again
The lower the tilt, the further the northern hemisphere is from the is from the sun, when it is higher it’s the opposite. This occurs every 41,000 years
Every 26,000 years the earth’s orbit wobbles and straitens
Sunspot theory
They appear when the sun is more active than usual the more spots, the more solar energy being fired out
What are the characteristics of a tropical storm?
Low air pressure
Ocean temperatures of 26.5oc
Rising water
Huge cumulcuimbus clouds
Air spinning around the eye of the storm where conditions are calm
What conditions are needed for tropical storms?
A warm ocean: 26-25oc
Strong winds
The Coriolis forces: it’s strongest between 5o & 30o north and south
Name 3 arid and 3 hight rainfall areas
High rainfall
- Brazil
- Uk
- New Zealand
Arid
- Algeria
- Mexico
- Tibet
How does the atmosphere and ocean’s transfer energy around the earth ?
The atmosphere and oceans transfer energy round the planet their currents.
Atmosphere use cells to that are heated by the sea and air.
The oceans use currents to circulate warm water to the poles and cold air to the equator.
Why do tropical storms dissipate?
The storm dissipates when it reaches land or a higher latitudes as it loses moister and heat energy
Why are some countries more vulnerable than others to the impact of tropical cyclones ?
Low living areas are more in danger due to cyclones as they can be more easily destroyed by storm surges.
How are humans contributing to the enhanced greenhouse effect
Give examples of some activities and gasses
Humans are adding to the greenhouse affected by producing large amounts of CO2
Burning fossil fuels CO2
Farming rice and Cattel CH4
Jet engines, cars, lorries etc NO2
Cooling equipment hailo carbons
What are the 3 main types of plate boundary’s
And what are the characteristics, and where they can be found
characteristics of divergent plate boundary’s are Shield volcanoes Mild earthquakes Basalt-lava these are found in Iceland
characteristics of conservative plate boundary’s are No volcanos Strong earthquakes these are found in California
Characteristics of convergent plate boundary’s are Very explosive volcanoes Extremely strong earthquakes Creation of mountains these are found in the Himalayas
Characteristics of both types of volcanos
Shield volcanoes have: Gentil slopping sides
Less violent explosions
Low acidic lava that’s less viscus
Shorter periods between eruptions
No layers
High temperature
low gas content larva
Little explosive activity
Found on divergent boundaries
Composite volcanoes have: Steep sided slopes
Very violent explosions
Acidic viscus laver
Longer periods between eruptions
Layers
Lower temperature
High gas content larva
Highly explosive
Found on convergent plate boundary’s
What were the impacts of the Haiti earthquake?
primary:
316,000 people died and 300,000 were injured
1,000,000 were made homeless
The port, communication links and major roads were damaged beyond reappear
Rubble from collapsed building block roads and rail links.
secondary:
A chorea outbreak killed over 8000 people
The port was destroyed-making it hard to access
By 2015 most people displaced by the earthquake had been re-housed
Haiti’s clothing factories were destroyed losing the country 60% of its imports.
Where do tropical storms form?
What seasons do tropical storms form
What are they called across these areas
Tropical cyclone from around the equator but not on it
They occur in late summer and early autumn
Hurricane: USA and the north Atlantic
Cyclones : Indian and south pacific ocean
Typhon : North pacific ocean
How does the earths core’s internal heat source generate convection currents?
Heat from the core of the earth heats the magma in the mantle
The hot magma becomes less dense and rises towards the lithosphere
As the magma moves across the lithosphere: it drags the plates with it
The magma cools, and becomes denser and sinks back down
What’s a hot spot and how dose it cause volcanic activity(give examples of where hotspots are found)?
Hot spots are parts of convection cells where heat moves towards the surface. These are concentrated zones of heat. As it rises it breathes though the crust this builds up islands. When the crust move more island are created.
Hotspots are in the form of the Galapagos and Hawaii
How can countries prepper for tropical cyclones
Weather forecasting - Prediction
Satellite technology - Prediction
Warning systems - Protection
Evacuation shelters - Protection
Strom surges defences - Protection
