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GEOG: Paper 1 > Hazardous Earth > Flashcards

Hazardous Earth Flashcards

1
Q

Solar isolation

A

The suns energy

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2
Q

Habitable

A

Suitable or good enough to live in

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3
Q

Distributed

A

Spread out

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4
Q

Continent

A

A large continuous expanse of land.

There are seven main divisions of land like this on Earth

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5
Q

Country

A

A nation with its own government that occupies a particular piece of land

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6
Q

Low pressure

A

When very little pressure is pushing down from the earths atmosphere into the Earth surface.

Air can therefore rise from the Earth surface into the sky

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7
Q

Landmass

A

A continent or other large body of land

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8
Q

Ocean currents

A

Permanent or semipermanent large-scale horizontal movements of the oceans waters

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9
Q

Climate

A

The weather conditions found in an area averaged over a long period of time. Usually over 30 years

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10
Q

Weather

A

The daily changes in the earths atmosphere such as temperature, sunshine, wind direction

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11
Q

The greenhouse effect

A

The greenhouse effect is the way that gases in the atmosphere trap heat from the Sun.

The gases let heating but prevent most of it from getting out.

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12
Q

Global warming

A

Means of warming of the earths temperatures and this is caused by the enhanced greenhouse affect

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13
Q

Enhanced greenhouse affect

A

It is the impact on the climate from additional heat being retained due to increased amounts of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases that humans have released in the atmosphere

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14
Q

Tropical cyclone

A

General term used to describe a rotating system of clouds and storms that form and develop over tropical or subtropical waters. A tropical cyclone is known as a hurricane, typhoon or cyclone depending on where it originates.
Hurricane – used in north Atlantic and on the Pacific coast of the USA
Cyclone – used in the Indian and South Pacific Ocean
Typhoon – used in the western North Pacific

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15
Q

Primary effects

A

Things that happen immediately as a result of a hazard

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16
Q

Secondary effects

A

Happen in the hours, days and weeks after initial hazard

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17
Q

Vulnerability

A

A measure of the extent to which a community or area is likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of a hazard

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18
Q

Risk

A

The probability of a hazard event causing harmful consequences for example death injury or loss of property.

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19
Q

Lithosphere

A

Is the uppermost layer of the Earth. It is cool and brittle. Includes the very top of the mantle and above this is the crust

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20
Q

Asthenosphere

A

It is part of the Earth’s mantle. It is a hot, semi molten layer that
lies beneath the tectonic plates

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21
Q

Tectonic plates

A

 The Earth’s surface is broken into large pieces, like a cracked
eggshell. The pieces are called tectonic plates, or just plates.

22
Q

Mantle

A

The middle layer of the Earth. It lies between the crust and the core
and is about 2,900 km thick. Its outer layer is the asthenosphere.
Below the asthenosphere it consists mainly of solid rock.

23
Q

Core

A

The solid centre of the Earth. However, the outer core may be
liquid not solid.

24
Q

Meteorites

A

Fragments of rock and metal that fall to Earth from space

25
Q

Geothermal

A

Heat from inside the Earth is called geothermal. The heat is
produced by the radioactive decay of elements such as uranium
and thorium in the core and mantle.

26
Q

Radioactive decay

A

Some elements are naturally unstable. And radioactive. Atoms of
these elements release particles from their nuclei and give off heat.
This is called radioactive decay.

27
Q

Convection currents

A

As heat rises from the core, it creates convection currents in the
mantle.

28
Q

Plumes

A

The parts of convection cells where heat moves towards the
surface are called plumes. These are concentrated zones of heat. In
a plume, the mantle is less dense. Plumes bring magma to the
surface.

29
Q

Magma

A

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface

30
Q

Lava

A

Molten rock above the Earth’s surface

31
Q

Hotspots

A

Columns of heat in the earths mantle found in the middle of the tectonic plate

32
Q

Divergent plate boundaries

A

Where two tectonic plates are moving away from each other

33
Q

Magnetosphere

A

Huge invisible magnetic field that surrounds earth. This force field can sometimes be seen in the Northern Lights. These form and radiation from space hits the magnetosphere and light up the sky. The magnetosphere protects the Earth from harmful radiation from space and the sun.

34
Q

Tectonic plates

A

The Earth surface is broken into large pieces, like a cracked egg shell. The pieces are tectonic plates

35
Q

Subduction

A

Oceanic crust sinking into the mantle outer convection plate boundary. As the crust subducts it melts back into the mantle

36
Q

Continental drift

A

250 million years ago the land masses of earth were clustered in till one supercontinent called Pangaea. as millions of years past, Pangaea broke apart and large pieces of land slowly moved away to form continents as we know today

37
Q

Convergent plate boundary

A

Where two plates come together

38
Q

Collision zone

A

Where two tectonic plates collide

39
Q

Conservative plate boundary

A

Where two tectonic plates slide past each other

40
Q

Fold mountains

A

Where two or more tectonic plates push together

41
Q

Earthquake

A

An earthquake is the shaking and vibration of the earths crust due to a movement of the earths plates. Earthquakes can happen along any type of plate boundary

42
Q

Crater

A

Opening at the top of a volcano

43
Q

Magma chamber

A

Store of hot molten rock beneath a volcano

44
Q

Layers of ash and lava from pyroclastic flows

A

Build up overtime to form the sides of volcanoes

45
Q

Main vent

A

The tunnel in which magma rises to the top of the volcano

46
Q

Secondary vent and cone

A

Allows magma to escape from the side of the volcano

47
Q

Lava and Lahar flow 

A

Molten rock and mudflows flowing down the side of a volcano

48
Q

Volcanic cloud

A

Gas, steam and ash escaping from the volcano

49
Q

Volcanic bombs

A

Large pieces of rock projected from the volcano

50
Q

Tsunami

A

A large ocean wave that is caused by sudden motion on the ocean floor. It could be an earthquake, a powerful volcanic eruption, or an underwater landslide

GEOG: Paper 1 (4 decks)

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