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GEOG: Paper 1 > Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Development Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Process of change that affects peoples lives. May involve improvement of quality of life.

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2
Q

High income countries (HIC)

A

A group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere eg. North America and Europe.

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3
Q

Low income countries (HIC)

A

Group of much poorer countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. Eg. South America and Africa

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4
Q

Quality of life

A

measure of a persons overall well-being and happiness.

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5
Q

Economic development

A

Is grossing countries that links to income, jobs and how much people are able to buy

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6
Q

Political development

A

Is growth in countries that links to government power, building of democracies and laws

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7
Q

Democracy

A

A type of government where by the people that live in the country Electro runs the country

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8
Q

Social development

A

Growth in countries that links to health, welfare, education and the power of women

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9
Q

GDP

A

What we use to measure the wealth of a country
stands for gross domestic product meaning the total value of goods and services produced by a country a year.

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10
Q

Poverty line

A

Minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs such as food and shelter

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11
Q

Measures of inequality

A

Show how equally wealth is shared among the population it includes the percentage of GDP owned by the wealthiest 10% of the population and the poorest 10% so shows big gaps between richest and poorest

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12
Q

Literacy rate

A

The percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write

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13
Q

GNP per capita

A

Total wealth a country produces each year divided by a population

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age that men and women are likely to live in till

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15
Q

Adult literacy

A

Percentage of people over 16 can read and write

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16
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per ten thousand live births

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17
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of children who die below the age of one years old

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18
Q

Universal health coverage

A

For example NHS.

Means that all people can obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship

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19
Q

The human development index

A

A better way to measure development. The HDI consists of one figure per country between zero and one. the higher the better

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20
Q

The corruption perception index

A

Help investors work out where their mother money is safe uses a scale from 10 to 0 (very corrupt).
Investors probably won’t invest in corrupt countries

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21
Q

Population structure

A

The number of each sex in each age group

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22
Q

Demographic data

A

All data linked to population (eg. Birth and death rates) 

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23
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births per thousand people per year

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24
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths per thousand people per year

25
Dependency ratio
Proportion of the people below and above the normal working age
26
Fertility rate
Average number of births per woman
27
TNC (transnational corporations)
Companies based in two or more countries
28
Globalisation
Increased connections between countries
29
Slums
An overcrowded urban area inhibited by very poor people houses may be built out of any waste materials that people may find
30
Capitalist countries
These are countries with private companies make things are in competition with the other. The government has some say on how the economy has run but this is quite limited
31
Raw materials
Basic material from which are good or product is made
32
Exploitation
One country takes advantage of another country in terms of trade
33
Trade
When one country buys or sells goods from another country
34
Dependency
It means to rely on for example when one country relies on another country
35
Political development
Growth in countries that links to government power, building of democracies in laws
36
Landlocked
When a country surrounded by other countries so there is no coastline or docks
37
Rural
Country
38
Plantation
A large farm that grows crops like tea or cocoa beans
39
Tariffs
Additional cost added to the price of traded goods
40
Intermediate technology
Low tech solutions including local materials, labour and expertise to solve problems
41
Emerging countries
One with high to medium human development and recent economic growth
42
Foreign direct investment
Any money or investment that comes from overseas companies like India’s IT and call centres
43
Containerisation
International shipping practice of storing a number of pieces of goods within a large storage container and transporting them
44
Labour
Workers
45
Outsourcing
Giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It involves transferring work to overseas locations.
46
Telemarketing
Marketing of goods and services by means of telephone calls to potential customers not arranged beforehand
47
Cultural barriers
When people from different cultures who might speak different languages have different cultural beliefs or use different gestures and symbols to communicate this becomes a barrier in workplaces
48
Urban
Towns and cities
49
Push factor
The characteristics of a place which make you want to leave
50
Pull factor
The characteristics of a place which make you want to move there
51
Land degradation
When soil loses its fertility and structure
52
Waste
Anything that’s thrown away after its main use or is worthless broken and of no use
53
Industrialisation
The growth in the number of manufacturing industries and people working in those
54
Standard of living
How much someone earns
55
Multiplier effect
When people of businesses move to an area and invest money on housing and services, which in turn create more jobs in attract more people
56
Subsistence farmers
 When farmers grow food to feed their families rather than to sell
57
Core region
Towns and cities that drive the economy and attract migrants who want to live in work in them
58
Migrate
When people move from one place to another in the same country

GEOG: Paper 1 (4 decks)

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