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GEOG: Paper 1 > Development Dynamics > Flashcards

Development Dynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Development

A

Process of change that affects peoples lives. May involve improvement of quality of life.

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2
Q

High income countries (HIC)

A

A group of wealthy countries mostly in the northern hemisphere eg. North America and Europe.

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3
Q

Low income countries (HIC)

A

Group of much poorer countries mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. Eg. South America and Africa

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4
Q

Quality of life

A

measure of a persons overall well-being and happiness.

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5
Q

Economic development

A

Is grossing countries that links to income, jobs and how much people are able to buy

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6
Q

Political development

A

Is growth in countries that links to government power, building of democracies and laws

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7
Q

Democracy

A

A type of government where by the people that live in the country Electro runs the country

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8
Q

Social development

A

Growth in countries that links to health, welfare, education and the power of women

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9
Q

GDP

A

What we use to measure the wealth of a country
stands for gross domestic product meaning the total value of goods and services produced by a country a year.

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10
Q

Poverty line

A

Minimum income required to meet someone’s basic needs such as food and shelter

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11
Q

Measures of inequality

A

Show how equally wealth is shared among the population it includes the percentage of GDP owned by the wealthiest 10% of the population and the poorest 10% so shows big gaps between richest and poorest

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12
Q

Literacy rate

A

The percentage of the population aged over 15 who can read and write

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13
Q

GNP per capita

A

Total wealth a country produces each year divided by a population

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14
Q

Life expectancy

A

Average age that men and women are likely to live in till

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15
Q

Adult literacy

A

Percentage of people over 16 can read and write

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16
Q

Maternal mortality rate

A

Number of maternal deaths per ten thousand live births

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17
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

Number of children who die below the age of one years old

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18
Q

Universal health coverage

A

For example NHS.

Means that all people can obtain the health services they need without suffering financial hardship

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19
Q

The human development index

A

A better way to measure development. The HDI consists of one figure per country between zero and one. the higher the better

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20
Q

The corruption perception index

A

Help investors work out where their mother money is safe uses a scale from 10 to 0 (very corrupt).
Investors probably won’t invest in corrupt countries

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21
Q

Population structure

A

The number of each sex in each age group

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22
Q

Demographic data

A

All data linked to population (eg. Birth and death rates) 

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23
Q

Birth rate

A

Number of live births per thousand people per year

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24
Q

Death rate

A

Number of deaths per thousand people per year

25
Q

Dependency ratio

A

Proportion of the people below and above the normal working age

26
Q

Fertility rate

A

Average number of births per woman

27
Q

TNC (transnational corporations)

A

Companies based in two or more countries

28
Q

Globalisation

A

Increased connections between countries

29
Q

Slums

A

An overcrowded urban area inhibited by very poor people
houses may be built out of any waste materials that people may find

30
Q

Capitalist countries

A

These are countries with private companies make things are in competition with the other. The government has some say on how the economy has run but this is quite limited

31
Q

Raw materials

A

Basic material from which are good or product is made

32
Q

Exploitation

A

One country takes advantage of another country in terms of trade

33
Q

Trade

A

When one country buys or sells goods from another country

34
Q

Dependency

A

It means to rely on for example when one country relies on another country

35
Q

Political development

A

Growth in countries that links to government power, building of democracies in laws

36
Q

Landlocked

A

When a country surrounded by other countries so there is no coastline or docks

37
Q

Rural

A

Country

38
Q

Plantation

A

A large farm that grows crops like tea or cocoa beans

39
Q

Tariffs

A

Additional cost added to the price of traded goods

40
Q

Intermediate technology

A

Low tech solutions including local materials, labour and expertise to solve problems

41
Q

Emerging countries

A

One with high to medium human development and recent economic growth

42
Q

Foreign direct investment

A

Any money or investment that comes from overseas companies like India’s IT and call centres

43
Q

Containerisation

A

International shipping practice of storing a number of pieces of goods within a large storage container and transporting them

44
Q

Labour

A

Workers

45
Q

Outsourcing

A

Giving work to an outside agency to improve efficiency and reduce costs. It involves transferring work to overseas locations.

46
Q

Telemarketing

A

Marketing of goods and services by means of telephone calls to potential customers not arranged beforehand

47
Q

Cultural barriers

A

When people from different cultures who might speak different languages have different cultural beliefs or use different gestures and symbols to communicate this becomes a barrier in workplaces

48
Q

Urban

A

Towns and cities

49
Q

Push factor

A

The characteristics of a place which make you want to leave

50
Q

Pull factor

A

The characteristics of a place which make you want to move there

51
Q

Land degradation

A

When soil loses its fertility and structure

52
Q

Waste

A

Anything that’s thrown away after its main use or is worthless broken and of no use

53
Q

Industrialisation

A

The growth in the number of manufacturing industries and people working in those

54
Q

Standard of living

A

How much someone earns

55
Q

Multiplier effect

A

When people of businesses move to an area and invest money on housing and services, which in turn create more jobs in attract more people

56
Q

Subsistence farmers

A

 When farmers grow food to feed their families rather than to sell

57
Q

Core region

A

Towns and cities that drive the economy and attract migrants who want to live in work in them

58
Q

Migrate

A

When people move from one place to another in the same country

GEOG: Paper 1 (4 decks)

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