Hazard revision Flashcards
Convergent plate boundary
When two plates are colliding
Divergent plate boundary
Where two plates are moving apart
transform plate boundary
Where two plates slide next to each other
Pyroclastic flow
A fast-moving current of hot gas and volcanic matter that flows along the ground away from a volcano
epicentre
The point on the earth directly above the focus
focus
The place at which the plates release their tension, the origin of the earthquake
liquefaction
loosely packed or water filled sediments loose their strength and move
Primary hazard
A hazard directly caused by an event, e.g the ground shaking
Secondary hazard
A result of the primary hazard, e.g ground failure and liquefaction.
Mass movement
A mass movement is any large movement of earth that isn’t accompinied by a moving agent, e.g a river.
2 reasons for slope failure (apply to landslides).
- A reduction in the internal resistance, or strength of the slope
- an increase in force trying to pull the slope down
economic factors that can influence vulnerability
- levels of wealth and development
- construction styles and building codes
- access to technology
- Insurance cover
Social factors that can influence vulnerability
- Education
- Awareness of the hazard
- Gender
Demographic factors that can influence vulnerability
- Population density
- Age
- Migrants
- Disability
- Cultural factors
Political factors that can influence vulnerability
- Effectiveness of lines of communication
- Availability and readiness of emergency personnel
