Haz Mat Ch.2 Flashcards
What does Hazard Class 2 comprise?
Gases
Hazard Class 2 includes materials in a gaseous state at normal temperatures and pressures.
How are gases in Hazard Class 2 typically stored?
In pressure containers or cryogenic liquid storage tanks
This is necessary for safe transport and storage of gases.
What are the three divisions of Hazard Class 2?
- Division 2.1 Flammable gases
- Division 2.2 Nonflammable, non-toxic gas
- Division 2.3 Toxic gases
Each division is based on the type of potential hazard posed by the gases.
What types of potential hazards are associated with gases in Hazard Class 2?
- Energy (flammable or oxidizer)
- Toxicity (including asphyxiation)
These hazards dictate the safety measures needed during handling and transport.
True or False: Division 2.2 gases are flammable.
False
Division 2.2 includes nonflammable, non-toxic gases.
Fill in the blank: Division 2.3 of Hazard Class 2 includes _______.
[Toxic gases]
Toxic gases can pose significant health risks.
What is Hazard Class 3?
Hazard Class 3 is comprised of flammable liquids, including combustible liquids in the U.S.
What are the primary characteristics of flammable and combustible liquids?
They ignite and burn with relative ease and exhibit varying degrees of toxicity.
What incidents commonly involve Hazard Class 3?
Many hazmat incidents, such as gasoline and diesel fuel spills, involve this hazard class.
What additional hazard can some flammable liquids exhibit?
Some flammable liquids are also corrosive.
Are there divisions for Class 3?
There are no divisions for Class 3.
What can flammable and combustible liquids give off during transport?
They may give off hazardous vapors that can travel from their source.
What happens to vapors from flammable liquids if ignited?
These vapors will burn if ignited.
What are the primary hazards of flammable and combustible liquids?
The primary hazards are chemical energy, corrosivity, and toxicity.
What are some examples of thermal hazards associated with Hazard Class 3?
Fires and vapor explosions.
What is a potential asphyxiation hazard of flammable liquids?
Heavier-than-air vapors can displace oxygen in low-lying and/or confined spaces.
What chemical hazards can be produced by fires involving flammable liquids?
Toxic and/or corrosive gases and vapors.
What mechanical hazard can occur with containers exposed to heat or flame?
A BLEVE, caused by a vapor explosion.
How can vapors from flammable liquids behave?
Vapors can mix with air and maintain cohesion long enough to encounter an ignition source at some distance from the origin.
What environmental hazard can result from flammable liquids?
Pollution caused by runoff from fire control.
What are Class 4 materials?
Class 4 materials include three main categories: flammable solids, spontaneously combustible liquids and solids, and dangerous when wet substances.
What are flammable solids?
Flammable solids are materials in the solid state that can readily combust in the presence of an ignition source without changes to density or pressure.
What are spontaneously combustible materials?
Spontaneously combustible materials may be liquids or solids that can ignite within five minutes after coming in contact with air without an external ignition source.
What are dangerous when wet substances?
Dangerous when wet substances become spontaneously flammable or give off flammable or toxic gas when in contact with water.
What challenges do responders face when extinguishing Class 4 fires?
It may be difficult for responders to extinguish fires involving Class 4 materials due to violent reactions during extinguishment.
What are the three divisions of Class 4 materials?
The three divisions in Class 4 are:
1. Division 4.1 Flammable Solids
2. Division 4.2 Spontaneously Combustible Materials
3. Division 4.3 Dangerous When Wet
What are the primary hazards of Class 4 materials?
The primary hazards of Class 4 materials are chemical energy, mechanical energy, corrosivity, and toxicity.
What are some examples of hazards associated with Class 4 materials?
Examples include thermal hazards, spontaneous fires, vapor explosions, molten substances, chemical hazards, severe chemical burns, and mechanical effects from BLEVE.
What can happen when Division 4.3 materials come into contact with water?
Division 4.3 materials can produce corrosive solutions or flammable gases, such as hydrogen gas or calcium carbide, upon contact with water.
What environmental hazards can result from Class 4 materials?
Environmental hazards include pollution caused by runoff from fire control.
What materials are included in Class 5?
Class 5 materials include oxidizers and organic peroxides.
What are oxidizing materials?
Oxidizing materials are liquids or solids that readily give off oxygen or other oxidizing substances.
What do oxidizers do chemically?
Oxidizers react chemically to oxidize combustible materials.
What is the effect of oxidizers on combustion?
Oxidizers vigorously support combustion, may be explosive, and when combined with fuel, may burn continuously.
What are organic peroxides?
Organic peroxides are oxidizers with a specific chemical composition that make them prone to reactivity.
What can initiate a fire or explosion with organic peroxides?
A small amount of heat, friction, or pressure can start a fire or explosion.
What dual role do organic peroxides play?
Organic peroxides are both a fuel and an oxidizer.
How should organic peroxides be stored?
Organic peroxides should be stored below the maximum safe storage temperature (MSST).
What happens if organic peroxides reach the self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT)?
They undergo a chemical change and may violently release from their packaging.
What affects the time before reaction of organic peroxides?
The time before reaction depends upon how much the SADT is exceeded, which can greatly accelerate the decomposition.
Temperature below which the product can be stored safely. This is usually 20-30 degrees cooler than the SADT temperature, but may be much cooler depending on the material
Maximum Safe Storage Temperature
(MSST)
Lowest temperature at which product in a typical package will undergo a self-accelerating decomposition. The reaction can be violent, usually rupturing the package, dispersing original material, liquid and/or gaseous decomposition products considerable distances
Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT)
What are organic peroxides and other materials that have SAD Ts?
Organic peroxides are not the only materials to have SAD Ts; many polymerization initiators or reactive chemicals also have an SADT.
The responder should recognize these materials by using an SDS or other reference source to obtain this data.
How is SADT often indicated in an SDS?
Many times, the SADT is written into the SDS as decomposition temperature.
What is the definition of an oxidizing substance?
An oxidizing substance initiates or promotes combustion in other materials, either causing fire itself or through the release of oxygen or other gases.
What are the two divisions of Class 5 materials?
Class 5 has two divisions: Division 5.1 Oxidizers and Division 5.2 Organic Peroxides.
What are the primary hazards of Class 5 materials?
The primary hazards include thermal hazards, explosive reactions, mechanical hazards, chemical hazards, and asphyxiation hazards.
What are thermal hazards associated with Class 5 materials?
Thermal hazards include heat from fires that may explode or burn hot and fast, or materials/substances sensitivity to heat, friction, shock, and contamination.
What are explosive reactions related to Class 5 materials?
Explosive reactions can occur from contact with hydrocarbons (fuels).
What mechanical hazards are associated with Class 5 materials?
Mechanical hazards include violent reactions and explosions, and sensitivity to heat, friction, shock, and/or contamination with other materials.
What chemical hazards are associated with Class 5 materials?
Chemical hazards can arise from toxic gases, vapors, dust, and from products of combustion, resulting in burns.
What thermal hazards arise from Class 5 materials?
Thermal hazards can result from ignition of combustibles, including paper, cloth, wood, etc.
What asphyxiation hazards are associated with Class 5 materials?
Asphyxiation hazards can occur from the accumulation of toxic fumes and dusts in confined spaces.
What are Hazard Class 6 products?
Hazard Class 6 products are toxic and infectious substances.
What types of materials are included in Hazard Class 6?
Class 6 materials include poisons, poison inhalation hazards, and infectious substances.
What is the health hazard of Class 6 substances during transportation?
Class 6 substances are so toxic to humans that they pose a hazard to health during transportation.
What are the two divisions of Hazard Class 6?
The two divisions are Division 6.1 Toxic substances and Division 6.2 Infectious substances.
What does the ‘*’ indicate in Division 6.1?
The ‘*’ indicates that the words poison or poisonous may be used interchangeably with the word toxic during domestic transportation.
What are inhalation hazards?
Inhalation hazards are toxic vapors that can be lethal if inhaled.
Why are inhalation hazards dangerous at hazmat incidents?
They can travel great distances and harm or kill anyone who breathes them.
What are infectious substances?
Infectious substances are materials that have the potential to cause disease in humans or animals.
How are infectious materials typically shipped?
Infectious materials are typically shipped in small containers, so there is no placard for them, only a label.
What label is used for regulated medical waste?
A biohazard label is used for large and small quantities of regulated medical waste.
What are the primary hazards of Class 6 materials?
The primary hazards of Class 6 materials are toxicity, inhalation hazards, and disease.
What are the secondary hazards of Class 6 materials?
The secondary hazards of Class 6 materials include toxic hazards, chemical hazards from toxic and/or corrosive products of combustion, and thermal hazards from substances transported in molten form or from flammability and fires.
What are NEs according to 49 CFR 173.132?
NEs are toxic to humans.
What does a Class 7 placard indicate?
A Class 7 placard indicates the presence of radioactive materials.
What are the primary hazards of radioactive material exposure?
The primary hazards are radiation burns, illness, cancer, and fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.
Can radioactive materials be detected with the senses?
No, radioactive materials cannot be detected with the senses.
What is required to determine if a container is emitting radiation?
Specialized monitoring and detection equipment is required.
Are there divisions for Class 7 hazardous materials?
No, there are no divisions for Class 7.
When is labeling of radioactive materials required?
Labeling is required when the package contains radioactive materials.
How must the radioactive materials package be labeled?
It must be labeled on two opposite sides with a distinctive warning label.
What must Class 7 Radioactive I, II, and III labels contain?
Class 7 Radioactive I, II, and III labels must contain the isotope name, radioactive activity in SI units of becquerels (Bq), and the transportation index for Yellow II and Yellow III packages.
What is the purpose of the Transport Index (TI) on Radioactive II and III labels?
The Transport Index (TI) indicates the carrier’s degree of control during transportation.
What does the number in the transport index box represent?
The number in the transport index box indicates the maximum radiation level measured in (mrem/hr) at one meter from the surface of the package.
What are products in hazard Class 8?
Products in hazard Class 8 are corrosive substances.
What defines a corrosive substance?
A corrosive substance is either a liquid or solid that causes full thickness destruction of human skin at the site of contact or a liquid that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or aluminum.
Are there divisions for Class 8 substances?
There are no divisions for Class 8 substances.
What can happen if corrosives come in contact with other materials?
Corrosives can cause a fire or an explosion if they come in contact with other materials.
How can corrosives generate enough heat to start a fire?
Their corrosive actions can generate enough heat to start a fire.
What can some corrosives form when they react with metal?
Some corrosives can react with metal to form explosive hydrogen gas.
What types of reactions can occur with different types of corrosives?
Different types of corrosives (acids and bases) can react violently when mixed together or when combined with water.
What additional hazards can corrosives present?
Corrosives can be toxic, flammable, reactive, and/or explosive, and some are oxidizers.
What should be considered at incidents involving corrosives?
Do not focus solely on the corrosive properties when considering appropriate actions at incidents involving these materials.
What are products in hazard Class 9?
Products in hazard Class 9 are comprised of miscellaneous dangerous goods and hazardous materials and articles.
What defines a miscellaneous dangerous good?
A miscellaneous dangerous good presents a hazard during transportation but does not meet the definition of any other hazard class.
Should the hazards associated with hazard Class 9 be underestimated?
No, do not underestimate the hazards associated with hazard Class 9.
What is a miscellaneous dangerous good?
A material that has anesthetic, noxious, or similar properties that could cause distraction or discomfort to crew members during transportation, is a hazardous substance or waste, is an elevated temperature material, or is a marine pollutant.
What are examples of Class 9 materials?
Examples include lithium batteries, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and hazardous wastes.
What is a hazardous substance or hazardous waste?
A hazardous substance or hazardous waste is a material that poses a risk to health or the environment.
What characterizes elevated temperature materials?
Elevated temperature materials are those that present thermal hazards due to their high temperature.
What is a marine pollutant?
A marine pollutant is a substance that can harm marine environments.
What are miscellaneous dangerous goods?
Miscellaneous dangerous goods primarily have thermal and chemical hazards.
What hazards may elevated temperature materials present?
Elevated temperature materials may present thermal hazards.
What are PCBs and their associated risk?
PCBs are carcinogenic substances that pose health risks.
What hazards can hazardous waste present?
Hazardous waste may present any of the hazards associated with the materials in normal use.
What does a Dangerous placard indicate?
A Dangerous placard indicates a mixed load of hazardous material classes.
Which ERG guide should be followed for shipments marked with the Dangerous placard?
Follow ERG Guide 111 for response to shipments marked with the Dangerous placard.
What information do shipping papers contain regarding hazardous materials?
Shipping papers contain vital information responders need for determining response actions.
Is the Dangerous placard tied to a specific hazardous class?
No, the Dangerous placard is not tied to a specific hazardous class.
Where is the Dangerous placard mainly applied?
The Dangerous placard is mainly applied to highway, rail, and ocean containers.
Can the Dangerous placard be used for international transport?
Yes, it may be used for domestic and international transport of hazardous materials.
What are the requirements for using the Dangerous placard?
The Dangerous placard is used when it contains nonbulk packages, two or more hazard classes requiring different placards, and the aggregate gross weight is less than 1,000 kg (2,205 pounds).
What is the purpose of classification in hazard communication?
Classification identifies the hazard(s) of a chemical or mixture and assigns a category of hazard/danger.
How is a product’s hazard class determined?
A product’s hazard class is assigned based on its most dangerous chemical and/or physical properties.
What are the characteristics of flammable gases?
Flammable gases combine the physical hazard of a gaseous state with flammability.
Characteristics include expanding rapidly, spreading easily, and being difficult to confine.
What are products in hazard Class 1?
Products in hazard Class 1 are explosives.
What is an explosive?
An explosive is any substance or article with a significant potential energy that may rapidly expand and release upon activation.
What happens when an explosive undergoes an explosion?
It rapidly expands and releases energy.
What forms can the energy released by explosives take?
Explosives may release energy in the form of light, gas, and/or heat.
What is a key characteristic of explosives?
Explosives are reactive.
What happens when explosives are activated?
Explosives undergo an explosion and release energy in the form of light, gas, and/or heat.
How many divisions are there in Class 1 explosives?
There are six divisions in Class 1 explosives.
What is Division 1.1 in Class 1 explosives?
Division 1.1 indicates a mass explosion hazard.
What does Division 1.2 signify?
Division 1.2 signifies projectile/fragment hazards.
What hazard does Division 1.3 represent?
Division 1.3 represents a fire hazard.
What does Division 1.4 indicate?
Division 1.4 indicates no significant blast hazard.
What is Division 1.5?
Division 1.5 refers to very insensitive explosives.
What does Division 1.6 signify?
Division 1.6 signifies extremely insensitive explosives.
What are explosive placards used for?
Explosive placards are the only hazard class with compatibility group letters, specifying controls for transportation, separation, and storage of explosives.
How are explosives typically packaged?
Explosives are typically packaged as solids in individual packages or boxes, though some are liquids.
What are the primary hazards of explosives?
The primary hazards of explosives are thermal and mechanical.
What is a blast-pressure wave?
A blast-pressure wave is a shock wave created by rapidly released gases, causing injuries and damage.
What is shrapnel and fragmentation?
Shrapnel and fragmentation are small pieces of debris thrown from a ruptured container during an explosion.
What is the seismic effect of an explosion?
The seismic effect of an explosion is similar to an earthquake, causing ground shock or craters.
What is the role of Awareness Level Personnel in an incident?
Awareness Level Personnel are most likely to encounter an incident before it has been reported and may be the reporter.
Which senses can be safely used to detect hazardous materials?
Only sight and hearing can be used with a degree of safety.
What should you avoid when detecting hazardous materials?
You should avoid using the senses of touch, taste, and smell to detect or identify hazardous materials.
What can indicate a hazardous atmosphere?
By the time you recognize clues, you may already be in an area considered to be a hazardous atmosphere or immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH) environment.
What are some warning properties of chemicals?
Warning properties of chemicals include visible gas clouds, pungent odors, and irritating fumes.
What unusual noises may indicate the presence of hazards?
Unusual noises, such as the hiss of a gas escaping a valve at high pressure, may alert you to the presence of hazards.
What is the safest sense to detect hazardous materials?
Vision is definitely the safest of the five senses used to detect a hazardous material.
What can binoculars help with in hazardous situations?
Binoculars are helpful to ascertain visible information from a safe distance.
What are some visual indicators of a hazmat incident?
Indicators can include unexplained vapor clouds, smoke, flames, or wavy vapors, and sick or dead animals.
What are signs of respiratory distress in a hazardous area?
Signs include persons who are collapsed, vomiting, have severely watering eyes, or uncontrollable coughing.
How can hearing be used to detect hazmat incidents?
Hearing can detect loud noises such as vehicle accidents, explosions, alarms, or people yelling as indicators of a hazmat incident.
What sounds indicate increasing pressure in a container?
A loud roar or high pitch from a container’s safety device is an indicator of increasing pressure.
What sound might indicate leaking vapors?
Leaking vapors may cause a hissing sound, much like air escaping a tire.
What are potential sounds associated with hazardous materials?
Potential sounds include a hissing or whistling noise, a loud roaring sound like a jet engine, and pinging or popping of heat- or cold-exposed vessels.
What should you assume if you detect an odor of hazardous materials?
You should assume that exposure has occurred and you are in the danger area, although some chemicals have a detectable odor at levels below their toxic concentrations.
What are some possible odor indicators of hazardous materials?
Possible odor indicators include:
- An irritating and pungent odor
- An odor like rotten eggs or a burnt match (odorized natural gas)
- An odor like petroleum liquids or gasoline.
What can impair the sense of smell?
Some chemicals, such as hydrogen sulfide, can impair the sense of smell, while others, like carbon monoxide, have no odor, color, or taste at all.
What is olfactory fatigue?
Olfactory fatigue is when you cease to smell a chemical even though it is still present.
What should you never do with suspected hazardous materials?
Never taste, touch, or come in contact with suspected hazardous materials or hazmat dusts and vapors.
What might bystanders or victims report if they came into contact with hazardous materials?
They may report skin or eye irritation.
What should you do if you inhale a chemical or accidentally get some in your mouth?
It may have a particular taste that warns you are being exposed (e.g., metal fumes).
