Hassett et. al (Monkey Toy Preferences) Flashcards
1
Q
Psychology Being Investigated
A
- Sex Differences
- Socialization
- Play
2
Q
Sample
A
- 135 Rhesus Monkey [adult & infant] (14 excluded for being in a study of Prenatal Hormone, 39 monkeys under 3 months excluded for not being able to differentiate.)
- 34 (23 females & 11 males) out of 82 (61 females & 21 males) interreacted with toys in more than 5 occasions, thus data included in data analysis (rest discarded)
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station
- Lived together for more than 25 years together.
3
Q
Type of Sampling
A
Opportunity Sampling
4
Q
Living Conditions for the Monkeys
A
- 25m X 25m Outdoor Compound.
- Included an Indoor Quarter was temperature controlled.
- Constant water supply.
- Fed monkey chow twice everyday.
- Fruits and Vegetables given once per day.
5
Q
Masculine Toys Used
A
- Wheeled Toys
- 16 cm to 46cm
- All had 6 wheels
- Wagons, Truck, Car, Construction Vehicle, Shopping Cart, Dumb Truck
6
Q
Feminine Toy Used
A
- Plush Toys
- 14cm to 73cm
- Soft to touch
- Winnie the Pooh, Raggedy Ann, Scooby Doo, Koala Hand Puppet, Teddy Bear, Turtle
7
Q
Type of Experiment
A
Field Experiment in Natural Setting
8
Q
Experimental Design
A
Independent Measures Design
9
Q
Independent and Dependent Variable
A
IV: Sex of the Monkey
DV: Whether they interacted more with Wheeled or Plush Toys.
10
Q
Experimental Setup
A
- Seven 25-minute trails in the enclosure
- Observers positioned a pair of toys (1 Wheeled, 1 Plush) 10m apart from each other.
- Were counterbalanced (Wheeled left, Plush Right, Vice Versa)
- Monkeys waited in the Inner Quarter during preparations.
11
Q
Data Collection
A
- Video Camera to record each interactions
- Two observers set a behavioral checklist to categorize every interaction
- Handobs were used to record interaction duration in seconds.
12
Q
Examples of Interactions
A
- Extended Touch: placing a hand or foot on toy
- Hold
- Sit
- Carry in Hand/ Arm/ Mouth: moving the toy in hand/ arm/ mouth off the ground.
- Sniff: coming very close to the toy with nose
- Throw: project into the air
13
Q
What was done with Unclear/ Confusing Behaviors
A
- Observers had discussions until they agreed on how to code them.
14
Q
What else did Observers Note.
A
- Age
- Social Rank
- Sex
15
Q
Results
A
- Male Rhesus Monkeys significantly preferred wheeled toys, while females showed no clear preference.
- Both genders exhibited no significant difference in the frequency of interactions between wheeled and plush toys.
- Males had a significantly lower frequency of play with plush toys compared to females, and their interaction duration with wheeled toys was significantly longer.
- Magnitude of preference scores indicated males had a significantly stronger preference for sex-typical toys in terms of both frequency and duration compared to females.
