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Psychology As > Hassett et Al > Flashcards

Hassett et Al Flashcards

1
Q

What are the aims of the study?

A
  1. To test if sex differences in children’s toy preferences result from biological factors.
  2. To investigate if male and female rhesus monkeys have similar toy preferences to human infants, despite no socialisation experience with human toys.
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2
Q

Define socialisation.

A

The process of learning to behave in socially acceptable ways, usually based on gender and culture.

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3
Q

Define gender stereotype.

A

A bis exhibited in society which may be held by people and represented in books/toys/colours that assign particular traits, behaviours, emotions and occupations to males and females.

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4
Q

Define play.

A

Behaviour typical of childhood that appears to be done for fun rather than any useful purpose, it may be solitary or social and may or may not involve interaction with an object.

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5
Q

State the research method used.

A

Field experiment - in monkeys natural enclosure for 25years.

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6
Q

State the experimental design.

A

Independent measures design.

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7
Q

State the IV

A

Gender.

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8
Q

State the DV

A

Interaction with toys, either plush or wheeled.

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9
Q

State the research controls. (3)

A
  • Kept monkey indoors while positioning toys
  • Data collected using controlled observations
  • Video recordings used for monkeys outdoors
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10
Q

Describe the sample. (4)

A
  • A troop 135 monkeys
  • From the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station.
  • Inclusive of both infant and adult monkeys
  • Only 34 interacted with they toys on more than 5 occasions.
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11
Q

State the procedures. (4)

A
  • Observer positioned one plush and one wheeled toy.
  • Placed 10 metres apart and positions were counterbalanced.
  • Monkeys were then released into the outdoor area and any interaction between the toy and animal was recorded and videotaped.
  • Seven 25 minute videos were made of each monkey
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12
Q

How did the toys vary?

A

Toys varied in size, shapes and colour and were selected according to what you could do with them.

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13
Q

What were the plush toys? (7)

A
  1. Winnie the Pooh
  2. Raggedy Ann
  3. Scooby Doo
  4. Koala
  5. Armadillo
  6. Turtle
  7. Teddy
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14
Q

What were the wheeled toys? (5)

A
  1. Dump truck
  2. Wagon
  3. Shopping cart
  4. Car
  5. Construction vehicle
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15
Q

What observations were made? (4)

A
  • Two observers watched the videos and used a behavioural checklist to code every interaction.
  • They recorded start and finish times of each interaction and calculated the duration in seconds.
  • They also recorded the monkeys age, rank and sex.
  • Ambiguous behaviour was discussed until the observers agreed on how to code the interaction.
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16
Q

State what the checklist included. (12)

A
  1. Extended touching
  2. Holding
  3. Sitting on
  4. Dragging
  5. Carrying
  6. Manipulating the toys
  7. Briefly touching
  8. Sniffing
  9. Mouthing
  10. Destroying
  11. Jumping away
  12. Throwing them
17
Q

State the overall results. (2)

A
  • Most monkeys did not interact with any toys.
  • Most interactions were only for a few seconds.
18
Q

State the results towards male monkeys. (5)

A
  • 73% preferred wheeled toys
  • 9% preferred plush toys
  • 18% showed no significant preference.
  • Played with wheeled toys for 4.76 minutes
  • Played with plush toys for 0.53 minutes.
19
Q

State the results towards female monkeys. (5)

A
  • 30% preferred plush toys
  • 39% preferred wheeled toys
  • 30% showed no significance
  • Played with plush toys for 1.49 minutes
  • Played with wheeled toys for 1.27 minutes
20
Q

What was the relation between social rank and toy preference?

A
  • Significant positive correlation between social rank and frequency of interaction for both types of toys.
  • Age did not play a role.
21
Q

What is the social rank?

A

How dominant the monkeys were within their group.

22
Q

State the conclusion of Hassett’s study.

A
  • Sex typed toy preferences in human may result from biological sex differences as their observations suggest that rhesus monkeys show similar preferences to human infants and suggest that preferences reflect hormonally influenced behavioural and cognitive biases which interact with the learning experiences within the social environment.sin

Psychology As (7 decks)

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