Bandura Flashcards
What was the aim of Bandura’s study?
- To investigate whether children imitate aggression of a model in the absence of the model.
- To investigate whether children are more likely to imitate the behaviour of a same-sex model.
State the 4 hypotheses of Bandura’s study.
- Observed aggressive behaviour will be imitated so children seeing aggressive models will be more aggressive than those seeing a non-aggressive model or no model.
- Observed non-aggressive behaviour will be imitated, so children seeing non-aggressive models will be less aggressive than those seeing no model.
- Children are more likely to copy the same sex model
- Boys will be more likely to copy aggression than girls
What is the research method used in Bandura’s study?
Laboratory experiment.
What is the experimental design used in Bandura’s study?
Independent measure design.
State the IVs of Bandura’s study.
- Model type: aggressive/non-aggressive/normal model
- Model gender: same gender/opposite gender
- Learn gender: girl/boy
State the DVs of Bandura’s study.
Child’s displayed learning.
What was the sample of Bandura’s study?
- 72 children
- Aged 3 to 6
- From Stanford University nursery school
State the procedure prior to the experiment.
- Children were observed in their nursery by an experimenter and their teacher.
- Were rated on a four five-point scale measuring physical aggression, verbal aggression, aggression to inanimate objects and aggression inhibition.
- They were assigned to 3 groups based on aggression levels.
Explain the observation room (room 1).
- In one corner, there were potato prints and sticker pictures.
- At the opposite corner, there was a table, a chair, a tinker toy set, a bobo doll and a mallet.
- The experimenter remained in the room but was working quietly at their desk.
What happened in the no model condition in room 1?
Control group did not see any model and therefore saw no aggression.
What happened in the non-aggressive model condition in room 1?
The model assembled the tinker toy for 10 minutes.
What happened in the aggressive model condition in room 1?
- Played with the tinker toy for 1 minute then started attacking the bobo doll.
- The doll was laid on its side, sat on, punched in the nose, picked up and hit on the head with a mallet, up in the air and kicked.
- This pattern was performed three times over nine minutes.
- Aggressive comments: kick him, sock him, pow
- Non-aggressive comments: he sure is a tough fella, he keeps coming back for more.
Explain what happened in the aggression arousal (room 2).
- Children were brought to a room separately.
- Introduced to toys such as a fire ending on baby crib and were told they could play with them.
- 2 minutes later, the experimenter stopped them and said she decided the best toys were reserved for other children.
- All participants were deliberately mildly annoyed.
What was the purpose of room two?
- Watching aggression may reduce the production of aggression by the observer and it was necessary to see evidence of learning.
- To ensure all participants were primed to initiate aggressive acts equally, regardless of the situation they had observed.
Explain what happened in the experimental room (room 3).
- Observed child aggression for 20 minutes using a one-way mirror.
- This was a delayed imitation test for the aggressive model group.
- This room contained a bobo doll, mallet, dart guns and some non-aggressive toys, including a tea set, crayons and a ball.
- The children’s behaviours were observed in five seconds intervals.
State the 7 behavioural categories.
- Imitation of physical aggression.
- Imitation of verbal aggression..
- Imitative non-aggressive verbal response.
- Partially imitated aggression.
- Aggressive gunplay.
- Non-imitative physical and verbal aggression.
- Non aggressive play and sitting quietly.
Describe the observer used to categorise behaviours.
- One male scored all the children’s behaviours of which he was unaware of their condition.
- A second scorer independently rated the behaviours of half of the children to test reliability.
- Records were kept of the children’s remarks about the situation.
State the quantitative results.
- Boys were more likely to imitate the same-sex model.
- The mean for imitative physical aggression for males (25.8) is higher than for a females (7.2).
- Girls imitated less with a female model than a male model.
- Children who saw a non-aggressive model were least likely to exhibit aggression.
- There was a difference in non-aggressive with some of the toys.
State the results about sex typed behaviour.
- Comments about female model behaviours were more disapproving than male models.
- This was seen by both boys and girls.
- Aggression is seen as a masculine type behaviour and with more commonly imitated by boys.
Define sex-typed behaviour.
Actions that are typically performed by one gender and are seen in society as more appropriate for that gender.
State the conclusions of the study.
All four hypotheses were supported.
- Observed aggressive behaviours are imitated.
- Observed non-aggressive behaviours are imitated.
- Children are more likely to copy as same-sex model.
- Boys are more likely to copy aggression than girls.
Describe the psychology investigated in the study by Bandura.
- Investigates social learning theory and whether you learn behaviour through observation.
- Paying attention to a role model then retaining that information in your memory and feeling capable to imitate the behaviour in the absence of a model.
- The imitation is seen as more probable if the role model is of the same sex.
