Haskala Flashcards
what does haskla mean
enlightenment
where did haskala take place
Eastern Europe
what did it want jews to do
what was its goal
Haskala
be identified by the culture rather than religion
to escape antisemitism by modernizing jews
was hasklah only one way
came in many ways with one goal that jews should change their education, occupation and language
what were the followers of haskla called
maskilim
what did the maskilim do to their own schools
oppressed their own schools to educate jewish children with the new ideas
how did the maskilim interact with the russian gov
protest the russian govts decrees against judaism and sometimes aided them
the maskilim were…
what did they do to judiasm and observant jews
1) extreme anti-religion
2) ridiciouled them
what was the maskilim saying
we have come to free jews from the shackles of an ancient religion
as a result of the maskilim’s attitude towrads judaism…
they were hated by religious jews
what did many writers from haskala do
exaggerated their ridicule and have the world a twisted impression on judaism
the yiddish haskala:
created newspapers, books, theatre in the yiddish language
russian haskala:
wanted jews to become more Russian in their dress, habits and language
Hebrew haskala:
wanted to revive hebrew as a language but not as lashon hakodesh
socialist haskla
Who was their savior
What did they organize
Believers in what
What was their union called
What did they see themselves as
they looked to Karl Marx as their savior
organized unions - fought 4 workers
and were believers in socialism and communism
they formed their own union called Bund they saw themselves not as jews but as workers who are part of an international class struggle against the factory owner
1 error and mistake the miskalim made:
assisted who?
what did teh govt help?
what did they want to establish
1) russian govt in their harsh decrees against jews hoping that judiasm would be wiped out and they can take over
2) establish their own schools - where they wanted to teach young jews their new ideas
3) their own rabbinical skool
in 1842 there was a man named…
where did eh come from
why
who was he opposed by
Max Lilenthal
germany to Russia
to establish this rabbi skool
R’ Yitzhak of Volozhin and R’ menachem mindel schnierson (the tzemach tzedek)
what did lilenthal want to change
what did these two rabbis convince
1) the cirriculum of yeshiva
2) convinced govt to allow them to change the traditoonal yeshiva education
what happened to lilenthals school
eventually taken over by russian govt, brought in christian teachers
what was lilenthal forced to fo
what happened to him
flee russia
ended up in the us and becae a famous reform rabbi
#2 mistake Miskalim made: what did the maskilim thought the religious jews wouldnt do? what happened in reality?
1) resist their change
2) they fought back even to the point of violence
maskilim mistake 2b)
what did jews create?
the yeshiva system of education which produced many great rabbis who were able to fight against haskala
maskilim mistake 3) the maskilim totally.... by 1870s: whay became very clear to the, what was their conclusion
1) misjudged and under estimated how much the russian govt hated jews
2) what the govt thought of jews
3) that they must either emigrate ir find a way to change the govt
what happeneed to many maskilim
converted, became radicals, revolutionaries and lots joined the zionist movement when it began in the begeinning of the 1900s
