Harrison's 308 - Nephrotic & Nephritic Syndromes

Question 1

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
\_\_\_\_ < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Answer 1

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Question 2

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day < Proteinuria
Hypo\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Answer 2

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Question 3

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyper\_\_\_\_\_\_
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Answer 3

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Question 4

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly \_\_\_\_\_\_) Edema
Hypertension

Answer 4

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Question 5

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hyper\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 5

Criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome:
3.5 g/day  < Proteinuria
Hypoalbuminemia
Hyperlipidemia
(Mostly Periorbital) Edema
Hypertension

Question 6

If 3.5 g/day < Proteinuria is present without all the other criteria of Nephrotic Syndrome. The most probable cause will be -

Answer 6

Advanced Diabetes Mellitus

Question 7

In Nephrotic Syndrome, There is a inverse relationship between the severity of Proteinuria and ___.

Answer 7

In Nephrotic Syndrome, There is a inverse relationship between the severity of Proteinuria and GFR.

Question 8

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to __, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Answer 8

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Question 9

______ _________ ______

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Answer 9

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Question 10

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or _____, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Answer 10

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Question 11

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see ________ of _______ and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Answer 11

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Question 12

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to _______.

Answer 12

Minimal Change Disease

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HL, Allergies or NSAIDs, in IM we see Effacement of Podocytes and on Uranalysis there is selective proteinuria. In children (~90% of patients) it is very responsive to Steroids.

Question 13

_____ _________ ____________

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Answer 13

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 14

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, _____and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Answer 14

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 15

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and ________ as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Answer 15

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 16

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, ________ and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Answer 16

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 17

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. __% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Answer 17

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 18

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with _______ and ACEi.

Answer 18

Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that can be Primary or Secondary to HIV, HBV, PVB19 and Hypertension as well as Analgesics, Bisphosphonates and Radiation. It involves mostly Corticomedullary Junction Glomeruli. 50% of patients will reach CRF in 6 years. it is treated carefully with Cyclosporine and ACEi.

Question 19

___________ _____________

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 19

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 20

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in ___, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 20

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 21

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, _____, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 21

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 22

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to ______, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 22

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 23

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a ______ glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 23

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 24

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, Ig_ and __ deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 24

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 25

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic _________. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 25

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 26

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for _____________ events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Answer 26

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 27

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and ________.

Answer 27

Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in Men, often due to Malignancy, HBV, Malaria, SLE or RA. It Involves a thickened glomerular membrane (IF-Granular), non-selective proteinuria, IgG and C3 deposits and microscopic hematuria. High risk for thromboembolic events. Treated with immunosuppressants; Cyclophosphamide, Steroids and rituximab.

Question 28

_________

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Answer 28

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Question 29

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on _____ _____ stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Answer 29

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Question 30

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an _____ ______ birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Answer 30

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Question 31

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the _______.

Answer 31

Amyloidosis

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is mostly part of systemic amyloid deposition. On light microscopy we can see on Congo red stain an apple green birefringence under polarized light in the mesangium.

Question 32

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 32

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 33

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common ___ cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 33

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 34

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on ___. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 34

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 35

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual _______. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 35

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 36

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and ________-_____ _______. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 36

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 37

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t _______ the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 37

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 38

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ____/ ARB but never both.

Answer 38

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 39

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ___ but never both.

Answer 39

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 40

_______ __________

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Answer 40

Diabetic Nephropathy

Nephrotic Syndrome causing disease that is the most common CHF cause in DM patients, and the cause of ~45% of all patients on RRT. Pathogenesis involves Thickening of BM, Mesangium Dilation and eventual sclerosis. There is direct correlation between retinopathy and Kimmelsteil-Wilson Nodules. It is the only GN disease that doesn’t shrink the kidney. Treated with ACEi / ARB but never both.

Question 41

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 41

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

\_\_\_\_uria with casts and \_\_uria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 42

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range ______uria (

Answer 42

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 43

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
\_\_\_\_emia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 43

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 44

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hyper\_\_\_\_\_
Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 44

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 45

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyper\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 45

Nephritic Syndrome Criteria:

Hematuria with casts and Pyuria
Subnephrotic Range Proteinuria (<3.5 mg/day )
Azotemia
Hypertension
Hyperparathyroidism

Question 46

________________ ___________

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 46

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 47

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries ______. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 47

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 48

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type _ . presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 48

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 49

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, _______ edema, ___-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 49

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 50

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-_____. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 50

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 51

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but ________ on LM and Granular on IF.

Answer 51

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 52

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and ______ on IF.

Answer 52

Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that is more common in developing countries children. Results from M protein antigen mimicry - HSN Type 3. presents with flack pain, periorbital edema, cola-urine due to glomerular inflammation, low C3 levels, IC complexes, Anti-DNase. usually subclinical with no need for biopsy but hypercellular on LM and Granular on IF.

Question 53

______ ________

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE.

Answer 53

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE.

Question 54

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in _______-_______ females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Answer 54

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 55

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves _____________ and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Answer 55

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 56

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-___ antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Answer 56

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 57

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with __ deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Answer 57

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 58

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and _______pathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Answer 58

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 59

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of ____ in SLE

Answer 59

Lupus Nephritis

Nephritic Syndrome causing disease that occurs mostly in african-american females involves hypocomplementia and Anti-DNA antibody. Six Types of this disease are possible with IC deposition and Coagulopathies and have to occur with extrarenal inflammatory signs. Most common cause of death in SLE

Question 60

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving ________ GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 60

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 61

______________ Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 61

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 62

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “_________” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 62

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 63

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low __ with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 63

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 64

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor _ deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 64

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 65

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where __ Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 65

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 66

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ____ will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 66

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 67

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to ____ and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Answer 67

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 68

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and ______ ________,may be needed.

Answer 68

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis

3 types involving thickened GBM; type 1 involves a “tram-track” appearance and low C3 with IC deposits, type 2 involves Complement factor H deficiency and C3 Nephritic factor (Convertase activator) and type 3 where C3 Nephritic factor is present also. ESRD will occur in 10 years with poor prognosis’ possible progression to RPGN and plasma exchange ,may be needed.

Question 69

\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_)
Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 40 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 69

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 40 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 70

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most _________ nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to __y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 70

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 40 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 71

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI _______. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 71

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 72

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with _______ _________ __________. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 72

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 73

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. _______ Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 73

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 74

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually __% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 74

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 75

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If _ month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 75

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 76

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases _________ or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Answer 76

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 77

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or __________ may be needed.

Answer 77

IgA Nephropathy (Berger Disease)

Most common nephritic syndrome cause. Occurs in children and men up to 30 y.o. Episodic, progresses with respiratory or GI infection. Associated with Henoch Schonlein Purpura. Mesangial Proliferation on LM and IC deposits on IF. Usually 75% wont progress to CRF and will be transient. If 6 month of hematuria is present CRF will be more likely. In severe cases tonsillectomy or Plasmapheresis may be needed.

Question 78

________ _______

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 78

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 79

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young _____ and elder _______ . Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 79

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 80

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type _ cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 80

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 81

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and __________ are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 81

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 82

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if __________ (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 82

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 83

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when _ month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Answer 83

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 84

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if _____ IF pattern is present.

Answer 84

Goodpasture Syndrome

Classically in young males and elder females. Antibodies against Collagen type 4 cause GBM inflammation following exposure to smoking, oxidants or infections. Anemia and Hemoptysis are present. Biopsy is needed for diagnosis. Poor prognosis if Crescentic (RPGN) pattern is present. Renal transplant is the only definitive treatment possible only when 6 month no Ab are present. Plasmapheresis is the initial tx if Linear IF pattern is present.

Question 85

What is a cardiac cause of Nephritic Syndrome?

Answer 85

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Question 86

_______ ___________ ____________

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 86

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 87

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

____ ______ Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 87

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 88

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with __ deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 88

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 89

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. ______________, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 89

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 90

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated __ and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 90

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 91

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type _. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of _____________________ . Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Answer 91

Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis

Flee bitten Kidney on Autopsy, May progress to RPGN. On biopsy Focal proliferation around necrotic regions with IC deposits. Hypocomplementia, Elevated RF and Cryoglobulins type III. Treatment involves 4-5 weeks of antibiotics to eradicate the infection. Good prognosis upon Eradication.

Question 92

What are the false positive causes of a Dipstick test?

for Albuminuria

Answer 92

Alkalinized Urine
Hematuria
Very Concentrated Urine

Question 93

What are the false negative causes of a Dipstick test?

for Albuminuria

Answer 93

Very Diluted Urine

Question 94

What does the test measures:

Leukocytes	  
Nitrite	  
Urobilinogen	  
Albumin
pH	  
Hemoglobin	  
Specific gravity	  
Ketone	  
Bilirubin	  
Glucose

Answer 94

Dipstick test

Question 95

What is a good solution for patients that cannot have 24hr urine collection? (Children or Special Conditions)

Answer 95

Urine Albumin to Creatinine Ratio

Question 96

What are the normal protein urine range in adults? (maximal value)

Answer 96

1.5 g/day

Question 97

What are the normal albumin urine range in adults? (maximal value)

Answer 97

0.3 g/day

usually will be 7 mg/day

Question 98

What are the false positive causes of a Dipstick test?

for Microscopic Hematuria

Answer 98

Myoglobinuria (Rhabdomyolysis)

Sperm in urine with High pH

Question 99

What are the false negative causes of a Dipstick test?

for Microscopic Hematuria

Answer 99

Large dose of Vitamin C

Question 100

What is considered as Positive Microscopic Hematuria on dipstick test (number)?

Answer 100

Microscopic Hematuria > 2 RBC/HPF

Question 101

If Microscopic Hematuria is found along with Dysmorphic ____ or ____ casts and Proteinuria than Glomerular diseases should be considered.

Answer 101

If Microscopic Hematuria is found along with Dysmorphic RBCs or RBC casts and Proteinuria than Glomerular diseases should be considered.

Question 102

What Nephrotic Syndrome cause is associated with SLE or Penicillamine?

Answer 102

Membranous Nephropathy