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Bio 30 > Hardy / Populations > Flashcards

Hardy / Populations Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Five Conditions for Equilibrium

A
  1. Large breeding population
  2. Random mating
  3. No change in frequency due to mutations
  4. No immigration for emigration
  5. No natural selection
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2
Q

Causes of Gene Pool Change

A
  1. Mutation (DNA change)
  2. Gene Flow (Migration of alleles)
  3. Non-Random Mating (self fertilization)
  4. Genetic Drift (change in allele frequency’s)
  5. Natural Selection ( selects favourable variations)
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3
Q

Mutations

A

Created by mutagens or mistakes

Can provide genetic diversity in a species

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4
Q

Gene Flow

A

Movement of Genes between different populations via migration

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5
Q

Non Random Mating

A

Uncommon in natural populations

Mates usually selected based on appearance and health

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6
Q

Genetic Drift

A

Few individuals from a population start a new population with a different allele frequency than the original population

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7
Q

Natural Selection

A

Acts on mutations by selecting for most successful individual who had the mutations.
Leads to evolution

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8
Q

Census

A

Counting total in a small area

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9
Q

Sampling

A

Representatively sample small area and multiply by total area

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10
Q

Open populations

A

all four factors are functioning

birth,death,immigration,emigration

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11
Q

Closed Populations

A

No migration

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12
Q

Biotic Potential

four factors

A
  1. Max number of offspring
  2. Chance offspring will reach reproductive age
  3. Number of times organism reproduces per year
  4. Age at which reproduction begins
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13
Q

R

A

Capacity for reproduction

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14
Q

Carrying Capacity (k)

A

Ability for environment to support a population

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15
Q

Density Dependent factors

A

Biotic

Limit reproduction as population increases (disease or predation)

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16
Q

Density Independent Factors

A

Abiotic

Work regardless of population size (floods or drought)

17
Q

Environmental Resistance

A

Environmental conditions limit a species from growing out of control - influenced by biotic and abiotic factors

biotic - predators
abiotic- size of land

18
Q

J Curves

A

Demonstrate exponential growth

Usually occur in closed populations

19
Q

S Curves

A

Most natural populations demonstrate this curve.
Population increases until limiting. factors cause it to reach carrying capacity.
Density factors factors may initiate death phase

20
Q

K Selected Strategies

A

Slow Reproduction
Long Life Span
Later reproductive maturity

21
Q

R Selected Strategies

A

Rapid Reproduction
Short Life Span
Early reproductive age

22
Q

Survivorship Curves

Type 1

A

Large mammals
Few offspring
Low infant mortality

ex Humans

23
Q

Survivorship Curves

Type 2

A

Chances of death are about equal throughout life span

ex Squirrels

24
Q

Survivorship Curves

Type 3

A

Low survivorship rates in early life

ex Oysters

25
Q

Symbiosis

A

Relationship between two or more species

26
Q

Parasitism

A

One organism benefits whole the other is harmed

Ex Parasites

27
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits the other is unaffected

28
Q

Mutualism

A

Both organisms benefit

29
Q

Obligatory Mutualism

A

Each depends on the other exclusively

30
Q

Facultative Mutualism

A

Neither is wholly dependent on the other

31
Q

Avoiding Predation

A

Camouflage

Mimicry

32
Q

Interspecific Competition

A

Different populations competing for resources

Ex forrest with trees competing for light

33
Q

Intraspecific Competition

A

Individuals within the same population competing for resources
Ex Wolf pack competing for hunt

34
Q

Primary Succession

A

Process of changing an environment from bare rock and few species, to a complex community

35
Q

Pioneer Species

A

Simple hardy plants.
Invade or colonize barren ground and change environment to support more life.
Plant species
Die and create soil

36
Q

Biome

A

Ecological zone which includes the amount of sunlight and rainfall in the area

37
Q

Aquatic Succession

A

Process where lakes gradually become land

Bio 30 (2 decks)

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