Cell divison

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Division of genetic material and nucleus

Question 2

Interphase

Answer 2

Growth stage. Cells grow, DNA is replicated and energy reserves are built

Question 3

Cytokinesis

Answer 3

Division of the cytoplasm and organelles

Question 4

Mitosis - Prophase

Answer 4

DNA strands shorten and thicken, chromatin becomes chromosomes, centrioles separate and move to opposite poles of the cell and the nuclear envelope disappears

Question 5

Mitosis - Metaphase

Answer 5

Chromosomes move to centre of the cell, centromeres align on equator and spindle rivers attach to the centromeres.

Question 6

Mitosis - Anaphase

Answer 6

Chromatids separate at centromeres and move to opposite poles of the cell. Same number of single copy chromosomes at each pole.

Question 7

Mitosis - Telophase

Answer 7

Chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell, and they uncondense to form chromatin. Nuclear envelope reappears

Question 8

Mitosis - cytokinesis

Answer 8

cell membrane pinches to form two distinct daughter cells.
plant cells- cell plate
animal cells - cleavage furrow

Question 9

Somatic cells

Answer 9

Have DNA from maternal and paternal sides combined making a diploid =2n

humans have 23 different chromosomes, therefore 2(n)=2(23)=46

Question 10

Gametes

Answer 10

sperm/eggs only hold half the DNA from somatic cells from which they came making haploids=n

humans have 23 different chromosomes,therefore n = 23

Question 11

Meiosis

Answer 11

Reduces chromosomes number from 2n to n by dividing twice.

Question 12

Meiosis 1

Answer 12

separates homologous chromosomes

Question 13

Meiosis 2

Answer 13

Separates chromatids

Question 14

Meiosis - Prophase 1

Answer 14

chromatin into chromosomes.
centrioles move to opposite poles and spindle fingers appear.
Non sister chromatids connect and trade sections (crossing over)

Question 15

Meiosis - Metaphase 1

Answer 15

Homologous pairs move to center on either side of the equator. spindle attach to centromeres

Question 16

Meiosis- Anaphase 1

Answer 16

homologous pairs separate (not sister chromatids)
chromosomes move to opposite poles
23 replicated at each pole

Question 17

Meiosis - Telophase 1

Answer 17

Chromosomes at opposite ends and do not uncoil to form chromatin.

Question 18

Meiosis 2- prophase 2

Answer 18

Centrioles move to opposite poles.

New spindle fibers form

Question 19

Meiosis 2- Metaphase 2

Answer 19

cell moves directly to metaphase
no DNA replication and no formal nucleus.
chromosomes move to center and align on the equator.

Question 20

Meiosis 2- Anaphase 2

Answer 20

spindle fibers shorten and chromatids pull apart at centromeres.
chromatids move to opposite ends
23 single stranded chromosomes at each pole

Question 21

Meiosis 2-Telophase 2

Answer 21

Chromosomes at opposite ends.
uncondensed to form chromatin.
nuclear envelope reappears

Question 22

Why do cells divide

Answer 22

Growth, repair and reproduction

Question 23

Asexual reproduction

Answer 23

no new combination of cellular materials