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Informatics > Hardware & Software > Flashcards

Hardware & Software Flashcards

1
Q

What is Hardware?

A

Any physical component of computer systems. For instance the case, the motherboard etc

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2
Q

What is external Hardware?

A

Also called peripherals, including flat-screen, game pad etc

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3
Q

External Hardware families?

A 
Communication peripherals (transfer of information)
storage peripherals (enable storage)
input&output peripherals (connected to external devices)
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4
Q

What is internal hardware?

A

Physical elements that make up the main device internally, often referred to as components. (CPU, FAN, motherboard)

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5
Q

Motherboard definition?

A

Main element, consisting of plastic sheet with printed circuit

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6
Q

Processor definition?

A

Devices brain, includes million of transistors

Performs logic operations

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7
Q

von Neumann-Architecture

A

The basic concept for realizing universal computers.

Basis for the working method of contemporary computers.

Here the computer is divided into different areas.

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8
Q

What are the components of the v N A

A 
The processor
The arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
The control unit 
The input and output unit 
The memory unit
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9
Q

Describe the processor of the v N A

A

Can be divided into RISC & CISC processors, but the difference is minimalizing due to the advancement of technology.

the processor is responsible for controlling the other components. Consists of ALU & Control unit

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10
Q

Arithmetic logic unit

A

First half of the brain, is made up of functional units.

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11
Q

Control unit

A

Second half of the brain executes the processes specified in a program.

Ensures that ALU & MU are working smoothly together

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12
Q

The input and output unit

A

Controls I/O of data coming from componenets outside the vNA

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13
Q

Clock generator

A

The clock generator is the heartbeat of the control unit and the computing system.

Gives information about the performance of the control unit

Provides signals for controlling and synchronizing the dataflow within the comp. system

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14
Q

Bus system of the vNA

A

Were not part initially, the bus system enables the connection between the processor, memory unit and input/output unit.

The number of lanes determines the number of bits that can be transmitted –> bandwidth.

Creates constant flow of information and data,

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15
Q

What are computer networks?

A

Computer networks denote the interlinkage between technology, primarily independent electronic systems to enable shared use of resources.

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16
Q

What is the internet?

A

Global, decentral organized, heterogeneous computer network

which consists of interconnected individual networks

17
Q

What is downsizing and rightsizing?

A

Rightsizing creates a need-based system environment.

Downsizing is the process of moving an application from a mainframe to a cheaper system or (cost-effective alternatives)

18
Q

2 tier architecture

A

Application runs of client = tier 1

Client interacts with server = tier 2

19
Q

3 tier architecture & advantages

A

Extended by the server between client an data server

Tier 1 = client
Tier 2 = application server
Tier 3 = database server which provides requested data

Advantages: scalability, central data storage, central mgmt of access rights

20
Q

Three pillars of the world wide web

A

HTML which is providing the structure
CSS which provides the visualization
Java script which is the scripting language and enables interaction.

21
Q

What is a Web Browser?

A

The web browser is software used to gain access to the world wide web.

It enables users to request receive and display content stored on web server.

22
Q

What are the components of the web server?

A
  1. User interface ( contains address bar, various buttons etc)
  2. Browser engine (bridge between under interface and rendering engine)
  3. Rendering engine (is displaying requested web page)
  4. Networking component (connects URL`s by using HTTP or FTP)
  5. Java script interpreter ( interprets and executes code)
  6. User interface (backend) which is drawing basic widgets
  7. Storage ( small database created on the local drive of computer)
23
Q

what are Web applications?

A

Program based on a client-server model, which needs 3 elements to work: The web server, application server, and a database

A web application (or web app) is application software that runs on a web server, unlike computer-based software programs that are run locally on the operating system (OS) of the device. Web applications are accessed by the user through a web browser with an active network connection.

24
Q

Web services?

A

include any type of software, application or cloud technology that provides HTTP/S for interoperation, communication and the exchange of data messages

25
Q

What are API`S

A

NOT a database or server, API are a code managing access points for servers.

APIs allow distanced entities to communicate

Most web services provide APIs

26
Q

Software technologies?

A

represent the interface between hardware and user application.
Include programs & files that :
1.control all processes
2. connects hardware & manages internal and external hardware

27
Q

Application software

A

is a useful or desired non-system functionality

28
Q

What is a virtual switching element ?

A

Its a software application and connects networking components. It allows communication between virtual machines and intelligently directs information

29
Q

what is software development

A

The process to create computer software.

30
Q

What is the lifecycle of software development?

A
  1. Analysis and planning (project planning)
  2. requirements (define technical requieremtns)
  3. Design & prototype ( application flow & functionality is designed)
  4. software development ( creation of software)
  5. Testing ( error localization and tracking)
  6. deployment (made available)
  7. Maintainance and updates
31
Q

What is cloud computing?

A

Cloud computing denotes the on-demand availability of computer system resources. (in particular data storage and computing powers)

Without these having to be managed directly and actively by the user.

32
Q

What are relational databases

A

The most widely used model for databases today, enables storage and access.

Additionally, it is an intuitive and easy way to display data

33
Q

What are relations? (database)

A

It is the central concept of the relational database model.

Here the relation is a synonym for a table.

34
Q

What types of tables?

A

1: n relationship = the most common type ( 1 to many) (related row in table A can have several related rowS in table B)
n: n many to many relationships
1: 1 not common type

35
Q

What are databases?

A

Databases are a system for electronically managing data.

Therefore an efficient, permanent and failure-free storage of large amounts of data.

Informatics (3 decks)

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