Hardware, History and More Flashcards
Who were the designer and programmers of the first mechanical calculating machines?
Charles Babbage and Ada Byron Lovelace
ROM
ROM: Read Only Memory. A storage unit that cannot be modified and will not lose data when power is off (a safe means of storage).
RAM
RAM: Random Access Memory. A storage unit that can be modified and will lose data that isn’t saved when power is off.
Bit
A bit is a single binary digit (0 or 1)
Pixel
A pixel is the smallest logical unit of visual information used to display an image.
HTML
(Hyper Text Markup Language) A standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, color, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
URL
(Uniform Resource Locator) An address for websites.
Router
a special computer that determines the fastest paths.
NIC
Network Interface Card
BIOS
Basic Input or output System
Why is more bandwidth good?
Because it allows the data to pass through a connection faster.
What is the advantage of using a specialized search engine?
By using a specialized search engine, many more pages will appear that have more to do with the subject you asked on.
What are the main parts of a processor?
Fetch, Decode, and Execute
What is a packet?
Small bits of data that your computer divides information into to send something over the internet.
What are the main parts of the URL?
HTML
world wide web
Domain extension
Domain name
What is the Internet
The internet is a network of computer networks. The world wide web is a section of the internet
Name 5 necessary examples of hardware for a computer
- CPU + Cooler
- Motherboard
- Video/Graphics Card
- Monitor
- Power Supply
What is an input device? Give 3 examples.
An input device is a piece of hardware used to provide data and control signals (etc.). Examples include: mouse, USB, audio recorder
What is an output device? Give 3 examples.
An output device is a piece of hardware used to communicate the results of data processing. Examples include: speakers, USB, computer screen
What is Moore’s law?
The idea that the number of transistors in a chip will double every 18 months. Even today the number of transistors continue to double.
What is the name of the code system that allows letters and character to be stored as binary numbers?
ASCII
A micron is one _______ of a meter.
millionth
What are two materials that go into building a microprocessor?
Quartz, water. (also metals and chemicals)
How many transistors can fit on the head of a pin?
millions
4 parts of a packet
4 parts: They are Header, Data block, Sequence ID and end of message ID.
ENIAC
the first computer (1973)
what was alan turing’s role in the history of the computers?
created the first ‘bombe’ :
Built as an electromechanical mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II
HTTP
The Hypertext Transfer Protocol
