Hardware And Software Flashcards

1
Q

Von Neumann parts

A
  1. CPU(central processor unite)
  2. Input
  3. Output
  4. Working storage(RAM)
  5. Permanent storage(hard drive)
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2
Q

Control unit

A

Responsible for handling the movement of instructions and data around the PC.

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3
Q

Buses

A

Data and instructions are carried on buses.

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4
Q

Arithmetic logic unit

A

Responsible for carrying out calculations.

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5
Q

Accumulator

A

Type of memory called register. Used for arithmetic and logic calculations.

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6
Q

Input/Output

A

Way of inputting data into PC and the way of outputting informations.

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7
Q

Address bus

A

Uni-directional bus carries signals relating to memory addresses between processor and memory.

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8
Q

Data bus

A

Bi-directional bus used to exchange data between processor, memory and input/output.

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9
Q

Control bus

A

Bus carries signals used to coordinate the computer’s activities.

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10
Q

Main parts of operating system

A

Kernel
Device drivers
User inference
System utilities

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11
Q

Kernel

A
Loading the applications into memory
Scheduling tasks to run on the CPU
Memory management
File management 
Uploading/loading
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12
Q

Device drivers

A

Every piece of hardware is connected to it. Allows operating system to control and communicate with it.

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13
Q

User interface

A

Directing what you see on the screen and reacting to your key press and other inputs.

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14
Q

System utilities

A

Provides all basic facilities that run in the background without user interaction. E.g. cryptographic password management, file management services

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15
Q

ROM

A

Is non-volatile chip. Used to start up process of a computer.

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16
Q

PROM

A

Programmable read-only memory
Can be programmed via PROM programmer. This device uses high voltage to permanently create internal links. Can be programmed only once.

17
Q

Special devices

A

Braille keyboard

JAWS screen reader( provides speech and Braille output for the most computer applications)

18
Q

Magnetic storage

A

Devices store data in the form of tiny magnetized dots. These dots are created, read and erased using magnetic fields created by electromagnet.

19
Q

Magnetic disc

A

Floppy disc or hard drive. The dots are arranged in circles on the surface of a disc that has a magnetizable coating.

20
Q

HDD

A

Hard disk drive

21
Q

Optical storage

A

Saves data as a patterns of dots that can be read using light. A laser beam is used. If the beam hits the dot it’s reflected differently than when there is not dot.

22
Q

SSD

A

Solid state drive. It’s based on electronic circuits with no moving parts. It stores data using flash memory.

23
Q

Flash memory

A

Type of EEPROM memory.

24
Q

Primary storage

A

RAM, cache, Register(volatile)

PROM, EPROM, EEPROM(non-volatile)