Hardware And Software Flashcards
Von Neumann parts
- CPU(central processor unite)
- Input
- Output
- Working storage(RAM)
- Permanent storage(hard drive)
Control unit
Responsible for handling the movement of instructions and data around the PC.
Buses
Data and instructions are carried on buses.
Arithmetic logic unit
Responsible for carrying out calculations.
Accumulator
Type of memory called register. Used for arithmetic and logic calculations.
Input/Output
Way of inputting data into PC and the way of outputting informations.
Address bus
Uni-directional bus carries signals relating to memory addresses between processor and memory.
Data bus
Bi-directional bus used to exchange data between processor, memory and input/output.
Control bus
Bus carries signals used to coordinate the computer’s activities.
Main parts of operating system
Kernel
Device drivers
User inference
System utilities
Kernel
Loading the applications into memory Scheduling tasks to run on the CPU Memory management File management Uploading/loading
Device drivers
Every piece of hardware is connected to it. Allows operating system to control and communicate with it.
User interface
Directing what you see on the screen and reacting to your key press and other inputs.
System utilities
Provides all basic facilities that run in the background without user interaction. E.g. cryptographic password management, file management services
ROM
Is non-volatile chip. Used to start up process of a computer.
PROM
Programmable read-only memory
Can be programmed via PROM programmer. This device uses high voltage to permanently create internal links. Can be programmed only once.
Special devices
Braille keyboard
JAWS screen reader( provides speech and Braille output for the most computer applications)
Magnetic storage
Devices store data in the form of tiny magnetized dots. These dots are created, read and erased using magnetic fields created by electromagnet.
Magnetic disc
Floppy disc or hard drive. The dots are arranged in circles on the surface of a disc that has a magnetizable coating.
HDD
Hard disk drive
Optical storage
Saves data as a patterns of dots that can be read using light. A laser beam is used. If the beam hits the dot it’s reflected differently than when there is not dot.
SSD
Solid state drive. It’s based on electronic circuits with no moving parts. It stores data using flash memory.
Flash memory
Type of EEPROM memory.
Primary storage
RAM, cache, Register(volatile)
PROM, EPROM, EEPROM(non-volatile)
