Hardware and communication Flashcards
paper 2
optical character recognition (OCR)
converts printed media into editable text documents using a scanner - allows you to change text on a printed document ( eg books)
optimal mark recognition (OMR)
based around a predefined form with areas where someone can mark multiple choice responses. scanner detects dark marks on page and notes position of them
(used for exams)
magnetic ink recognition (MICR)
uses in containing iron oxide and specific fonts so data written in the ink can be read by MICR reader - used for cheques so that only relevant text it scanned.
OCR problem
can be read wrong by the computer so must be proofread
OMR problem
if mark not dark enough or large enough, scanner may miss it
resistive touch screens
cheaper + made up of 2 thin transparent sheets
when pressure is applied the sheets touch each other and a voltage is recorded in that position
resistive touch screen problem
don’t provide as sharp of an image as capacitive screens and don’t allow for multiple touches at once
capacitive touch screens
more expensive but allows clearer image and multiple touches at once
utilise the fact the human body conduct electricity so when you touch screen you change electric field of area you touched - this is registered as a click and X,Y coords are sent to OS
capacitive touch screen problem
doesn’t work when wearing gloves or using item to touch screen.
voice input
microphone detects voice commands which will be interpreted by computer and carried out
voice input problem
set amount of commands that the computer is able to understand and carry out.
vocabulary dictation
users speak into microphone and computer tries to translate into text
vocabulary dictation pros
can be faster than keyboard input
reduces spelling mistake risk
hands free
vocabulary dictation cons
background noise interferes
speech impediment, strong accents etc won’t be understood as well
words that sound the same may be misinterpreted.
voiceprint recognition
process of capturing person’s voiceprint, digitising and storing the data on computer system
used in security systems by comparing voice prints
secondary storage (backing storage)
non-volatile, long term storage that is not directly accessed by CPU.
stores data not actively being used and takes longer to retrieve from SS than from memory
computer uses input and output channels to transfer data from secondary to primary storage when needed for processing
types of secondary storage media
optical storage (CD/DVD/Blue-ray)
magnetic storage
solid stage storage
optical storage
laser beams projected onto disk and if light is reflected then data is read as a 1 if not it’s a 0
magnetic storage
eg hard disk drives (HDD)
data stored using a read-write head and magnetic platter (disk)
good compromise between storage capacity, performance and cost
solid state storage
eg solid state drive (SSD) or flash drive
no moving parts, data stored on flash memory chips
has low power consumption and high speed access but more expensive than HDDs
RAM can retain its state after power disconnected
fragmentation
over time files split and stored on different parts of the disk -stored in non-sequential manner
takes longer for disk heads to move between parts of the file
defragmentation
files are physically rearranged on the disk so they are no longer fragmented and parts of each file are stored together. SSDs cannot be defragged
HTTP
hypertext transfer protocol
transfers images, videos etc over internet
FTP
file transfer protocol
transfers files across internet between client and server
often used for large files
SMTP
simple mail transfer protocol
send and receive messages
TCP/IP
transmission control protocol/internet protocol
group of protocols that control how data is broken down for transmission from sender to receiver - includes error checking