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ms1 comprehensive review > hardware > Flashcards

hardware Flashcards

1
Q

Central processing unit

A

The part of the computer that consists of three associate elements: the arithmetic/logic unit, the control unit, and the register areas

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2
Q

Read-Only Memory (ROM)

A

A non volatile form of memory and contains programs used by the microcomputer to control its operations. The BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) is stored here.

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3
Q

Random-Access Memory (RAM)

A

Volatile, and sometimes referred to as “computer memory”, it is the primary storage

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4
Q

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)

A

A specialized processor that offloads the tasks associated with 3D graphics rendering from the CPU.

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5
Q

Expansion Slot

A

A connector on the motherboard into which additional hardware components can be fit.

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6
Q

Microprocessor

A

Processes and transfers data to other parts of the microcomputer

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7
Q

Bit

A

A binary digit that when combined with other binary digits represent letters, numbers and symbols

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8
Q

Parallel computing

A

The simultaneous execution of the same task on many processors to obtain results faster.

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9
Q

Massively parallel processing systems

A

A form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking hundreds or thousands of computers .

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10
Q

Grid computing

A

The use of a collection of computers, often owned by several individuals or organizations, to work in a coordinated manner to solve a common problem

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11
Q

Secondary storage

A

Non volatile information storage

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12
Q

Fixed storage

A

Permanent secondary storage that cannot be removed from the microcomputer

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13
Q

Removable storage

A

Permanent secondary storage that can be removed from the microcomputer

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14
Q

CD-ROM

A

A form of optical disk on which data, once it has been recorded, generally cannot be modified unless it has rewritable features as well.

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15
Q

Fault tolerant system

A

A system designed to continue to operate even if the hard disk fails

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16
Q

Redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)

A

A common form of fault-tolerant storage systems

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17
Q

Disk mirroring

A

A fault tolerant system that uses two disk drives and one disk controller

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18
Q

Disk duplexing

A

A fault tolerant system that uses two disk controllers and two disk drives

19
Q

Stripe sets with parity

A

A fault tolerant system that spreads the data and parity information across several disk drives in such away that no single drive failure will render the data unavailable

20
Q

Storage area network (SAN)

A

Uses computer servers, distributed storage devices, and networks to tie everything together

21
Q

Hard disk

A

Consisting of several platters of disk surface, each platter is organized into tracks and the platters are stacked on top of each other. It is the most common form of permanent, secondary storage

22
Q

Flash drives

A

Rewritable solid state storage devices.

23
Q

Optical disk

A

Rigid disk of plastic onto which data is recorded by special lasers that physically burn pits in the disk

24
Q

CD-R

A

A form of optical disk that can be recorded on but can not be rewritten to.

25
Q

CD-RW

A

A form of optical disk that can be written to more than once.

26
Q

Virtual tape

A

A storage device for less frequently needed data so that it appears to be stored entirely on tape cartridges, although some parts of it might actually be stored on faster hard disks.

27
Q

DVD

A

Developed to replace CD-ROM, it looks similar but has faster access and has many GB of storage, more than 26 times that of CDs.

28
Q

Cache memory

A

a type of high-speed memory that a processor can access more rapidly than main memory

29
Q

Multiprocessing

A

Simultaneous execution of two or more instructions at the same time

30
Q

Co-processor

A

Part of the computer that speeds processing by executing specific types of instructions while the CPU works on another processing activity

31
Q

Parallel processing

A

form of multiprocessing that speeds processing by linking several processors to operate at the same time

32
Q

Terabyte

A

Term for approximately one trillion bytes of storage

33
Q

Primary storage

A

Random access memory (RAM) it is volatile memory sometimes also referred to as “computer memory”

34
Q

Programmable Read-Only Memory (PROM)

A

Similar to ROM but has no initial program instructions – it becomes permanent once entered by the purchaser (manufacturer)

35
Q

Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)

A

Programmable memory that can be erased and reprogrammed – used in robots and other devices where program may have to be changed

36
Q

Computer system architecture

A

The structure, or configuration, of the hardware components of a computer system

37
Q

Multimedia computing

A

Uses software to integrate text, graphics, sound, and video images on the same microcomputer

38
Q

Network-attached storage (NAS)

A

Hard disk storage that is set up with its own network address rather than being attached to a computer.

39
Q

Moore’s Law

A

A hypothesis that states that transister densities on a single chip will double every 18 months.

40
Q

Memory cards

A

Portable, easy to use cards that fit into slots in PCs and are less failure prone than hard drives.

41
Q

Green computing

A

Green computing

42
Q

Remote storage

A

Storing or retrieval of backed up data using the Internet connection. An inexpensive storage option as companies only pay for the amount of storage used.

43
Q

Solid state drive (SSD)

A

Solid state drives contain no moving parts and faster boot times that are also available as options for many note book computer vendors.

44
Q

Multicore microprocessors

A

Uses dual core processors and shared cache to improve processing speed

ms1 comprehensive review (3 decks)

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