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CompTIA A+ > Hardware > Flashcards

Hardware Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of a Cat 5 cable?

A

Cat 5 cables are used to support Ethernet networking at speeds up to 1 Gbps (1000BASE-T) over a maximum distance of 100 meters. They provide twisted pair copper cabling for transmitting data in local area networks (LANs).

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2
Q

What is the purpose of a Cat 5e cable?

A

Cat 5e (enhanced) cables are an improved version of Cat 5 cables, designed to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic interference. They support Ethernet networking at speeds up to 1 Gbps over 100 meters.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of a Cat 6 cable?

A

Cat 6 cables are used for Ethernet networks requiring higher data transmission rates. They support speeds up to 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T) over shorter distances—up to 55 meters unshielded or 100 meters when shielded.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of a Cat 6a cable?

A

Cat 6a (augmented) cables are designed to support 10 Gbps Ethernet over longer distances up to 100 meters. They offer improved shielding and reduced crosstalk.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of a coaxial cable?

A

Coaxial cables transmit high-frequency signals over a central conductor surrounded by shielding. They are commonly used for cable television, cable modems, and broadband internet services, providing reliable signal transmission with protection against interference.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of a shielded twisted pair cable?

A

Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cables are used in environments with high electromagnetic interference. The shielding around the pairs and/or the overall cable protects against interference, ensuring signal integrity.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a direct burial STP cable?

A

Direct burial STP cables are designed for underground installations without the need for conduit. They are waterproof and often gel-filled to repel moisture, making them suitable for outdoor networking applications.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of a unshielded twisted pair cable?

A

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables are the most common type of network cabling. They are used in standard Ethernet networks in environments with minimal electromagnetic interference.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of a USB 2.0 cable?

A

USB 2.0 cables are used to connect peripherals like keyboards, mice, printers, and storage devices to computers. They support data transfer speeds up to 480 Mbps over distances up to 5 meters.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of a USB 3.0 cable?

A

USB 3.0 cables, also known as SuperSpeed USB, connect high-speed peripherals like external hard drives and high-definition webcams to computers. They support data transfer speeds up to 5 Gbps over approximately 3 meters.

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11
Q

What is the purpose of a serial cable?

A

Serial cables facilitate serial communication between devices using protocols like RS-232. They are commonly used to connect modems, printers, or to configure network hardware such as routers and switches via console ports.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of a Thunderbolt cable?

A

Thunderbolt cables provide high-speed data transfer and power delivery over a single cable. They are used to connect devices like external monitors, storage solutions, and to daisy-chain multiple peripherals with data transfer rates up to 40 Gbps (Thunderbolt 3).

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13
Q

What is the purpose of a HDMI cable?

A

HDMI cables transmit high-definition digital video and audio signals between devices. They are commonly used to connect computers, gaming consoles, Blu-ray players, and set-top boxes to TVs and monitors.

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14
Q

What is the purpose of a DisplayPort cable?

A

DisplayPort cables are used to transmit digital video and audio signals from a computer to a display. They support high resolutions and refresh rates, and can be adapted to HDMI and DVI interfaces.

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15
Q

What is the purpose of a DVI cable?

A

DVI cables transmit digital and analog video signals between computers and monitors. They support various resolutions through single-link and dual-link configurations but do not carry audio signals.

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16
Q

What is the purpose of a VGA cable?

A

VGA cables transmit analog video signals from a computer to a monitor or projector. They are characterized by a 15-pin connector and are used for displaying video without audio, typically in older systems.

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17
Q

What is the purpose of a SATA cable?

A

SATA cables connect internal storage devices like hard drives and optical drives to a computer’s motherboard. They facilitate high-speed data transfer within the system.

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18
Q

What is the purpose of a SCSI cable?

A

SCSI cables connect multiple peripheral devices such as hard drives, scanners, and printers to a computer system using the Small Computer Systems Interface. They allow for daisy-chaining multiple devices over a single bus.

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19
Q

What is the purpose of a eSATA cable?

A

eSATA cables connect external storage devices to a computer, providing high-speed data transfer rates similar to internal SATA connections but designed for external use.

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20
Q

What is the purpose of a IDE cable?

A

IDE cables, also known as PATA cables, connect internal storage devices to the motherboard in older computer systems. They facilitate data transfer over a parallel interface.

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21
Q

What types of cables use a RJ11 connector?

A

Telephone cables for analog phone lines and DSL internet connections use RJ11 connectors.

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22
Q

What types of cables use a RJ45 connector?

A

Ethernet network cables, such as Cat 5, Cat 5e, Cat 6, and Cat 6a twisted pair cables, use RJ45 connectors.

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23
Q

What types of cables use a F type connector?

A

Coaxial cables used for cable television and cable internet services, Like RG-6, use F type connectors.

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24
Q

What types of cables use a ST connector?

A

Fiber optic cables, particularly multimode fiber cables, use ST (Straight Tip) connectors.

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25
Q

What types of cables use a SC connector?

A

Fiber optic cables, both single-mode and multimode, use SC (Subscriber Connector) connectors.

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26
Q

What types of cables use a LC connector?

A

Fiber optic cables in high-density networking environments use LC (Local Connector) connectors.

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27
Q

What types of cables use a punchdown block?

A

Twisted pair copper cables, such as Cat 5e or Cat 6, use punchdown blocks for terminating and organizing wiring in structured cabling systems.

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28
Q

What types of cables use a microUSB connector?

A

USB cables for mobile devices and small peripherals, like smartphones and tablets, use microUSB connectors.

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29
Q

What types of cables use a miniUSB connector?

A

Older USB cables for mobile devices and certain peripherals use miniUSB connectors.

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30
Q

What types of cables use a USB-C connector?

A

Modern USB cables for devices such as smartphones, tablets, laptops, and other peripherals use USB-C connectors.

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31
Q

What types of cables use a Molex connector?

A

Internal power cables within computers use Molex connectors to supply power to components like hard drives, optical drives, and fans.

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32
Q

What types of cables use a Lightning port?

A

Cables used to connect and charge Apple devices like iPhones, iPads, and iPods use Lightning connectors.

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33
Q

What types of cables use a DB9 connector?

A

Serial cables for RS-232 communication, often used to connect to network device console ports or legacy serial devices, use DB9 connectors.

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34
Q

What is the purpose of a RJ11 connector?

A

RJ11 connectors connect telephone lines and devices, facilitating analog telephone and DSL internet connections over twisted pair cables.

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35
Q

What is the purpose of a RJ45 connector?

A

RJ45 connectors connect Ethernet network cables, enabling data communication over twisted pair cables in LAN environments.

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36
Q

What is the purpose of a F type connector?

A

F type connectors connect coaxial cables used for cable television and internet services, providing a secure threaded connection for radio frequency signals.

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37
Q

What is the purpose of a ST connector?

A

ST connectors connect fiber optic cables, providing a secure bayonet-style locking mechanism for transmitting optical signals in network environments.

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38
Q

What is the purpose of a SC connector?

A

SC connectors connect fiber optic cables using a push-pull design for quick insertion and removal, commonly used in data communication for optical signal transmission.

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39
Q

What is the purpose of a LC connector?

A

LC connectors connect fiber optic cables in high-density networking environments, offering a small form factor for efficient space utilization.

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40
Q

What is the purpose of a punchdown block?

A

Punchdown blocks terminate and organize twisted pair copper cables in structured cabling systems, allowing for efficient management and routing of network cabling.

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41
Q

What is the purpose of a microUSB connector?

A

MicroUSB connectors connect mobile devices and small peripherals to computers or chargers, facilitating data transfer and power supply in a compact design.

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42
Q

What is the purpose of a miniUSB connector?

A

MiniUSB connectors connect older mobile devices and peripherals to computers or chargers, used before being largely replaced by microUSB and USB-C.

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43
Q

What is the purpose of a USB-C connector?

A

USB-C connectors provide a versatile and reversible interface for connecting a wide range of devices, supporting high-speed data transfer, video output, and power delivery.

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44
Q

What is the purpose of a Molex connector?

A

Molex connectors supply power within a computer system to internal components like hard drives, optical drives, and fans, providing both +12V and +5V power.

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45
Q

What is the purpose of a Lightning port?

A

Lightning ports connect Apple devices to computers or chargers, facilitating data transfer and power supply using Apple’s proprietary reversible connector.

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46
Q

What is the purpose of a DB9 connector?

A

DB9 connectors facilitate serial communication using RS-232 protocols, commonly used for connecting to network device console ports and legacy serial devices.

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47
Q

What are the features of a Cat 5 cable?

A

Twisted pair copper cabling with four pairs.
Supports Ethernet up to 1 Gbps over 100 meters.
Uses balanced pair operation to reduce interference.

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48
Q

What are the features of a Cat 5e cable?

A

Enhanced version of Cat 5 with reduced crosstalk.
Supports Ethernet up to 1 Gbps over 100 meters.
Improved performance due to stricter testing.

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49
Q

What are the features of a Cat 6 cable?

A

Higher standards for reduced crosstalk and noise.
Supports Ethernet up to 10 Gbps over shorter distances.
Tighter twist rates and better insulation.

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50
Q

What are the features of a Cat 6a cable?

A

Augmented Cat 6 with stricter specifications.
Supports 10 Gbps Ethernet over 100 meters.
Improved shielding and insulation.

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51
Q

What are the features of a coaxial cable?

A

Central conductor with insulation and shielding.
Used for high-frequency signal transmission.
Resistant to electromagnetic interference.
Durable and suitable for outdoor use.

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52
Q

What are the features of a shielded twisted pair cable?

A

Shielding around individual pairs and/or overall cable.
Reduces electromagnetic interference.
Requires proper grounding.

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53
Q

What are the features of a direct burial STP cable?

A

Waterproof and gel-filled for moisture protection.
Designed for underground installations without conduit.
Shielded to prevent interference.
Enhanced durability and strength.

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54
Q

What are the features of a unshielded twisted pair cable?

A

No additional shielding.
Twisted pairs reduce interference.
Flexible and cost-effective.

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55
Q

What are the features of a USB 2.0 cable?

A

Data transfer speeds up to 480 Mbps.
Maximum length of 5 meters.
Various connectors: Standard-A, Standard-B, mini-B, micro-B.

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56
Q

What are the features of a USB 3.0 cable?

A

Data transfer speeds up to 5 Gbps.
Backward compatible with USB 2.0.
Additional pins for higher speeds.
Connectors include Standard-A, Standard-B, micro-B for USB 3.0.

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57
Q

What are the features of a serial cable?

A

Connectors like DB9 or DB25.
Supports RS-232 serial communication.
Used for modems, legacy devices, and configuration ports.
Limited data transfer speeds.

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58
Q

What are the features of a Thunderbolt cable?

A

High-speed data transfer up to 40 Gbps.
Carries data and power over the same cable.
Uses connectors like Mini DisplayPort or USB-C.
Supports daisy-chaining of multiple devices.

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59
Q

What are the features of a HDMI cable?

A

Transmits digital video and audio signals.
Supports high resolutions (4K and beyond).
Maximum length around 20 meters.
Uses a 19-pin Type A connector.

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60
Q

What are the features of a DisplayPort cable?

A

Transmits digital video and audio using packetized data.
Supports high resolutions and refresh rates.
Compatible with HDMI and DVI via adapters.
Connectors include standard and Mini DisplayPort.

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61
Q

What are the features of a DVI cable?

A

Transmits digital and analog video signals.
Types: DVI-D, DVI-A, DVI-I.
Supports single-link (3.7Gbps) and dual-link (7.4Gbps) configurations.
Does not carry audio signals.

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62
Q

What are the features of a VGA cable?

A

Transmits analog video signals.
15-pin DE-15 connector, typically blue.
Signal degrades over longer distances (5-10 meters).
Does not carry audio signals.

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63
Q

What are the features of a SATA cable?

A

Connects internal storage devices.
Data transfer rates up to 16 Gbps.
7-pin data connector and 15-pin power connector.
Supports hot-swapping.

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64
Q

What are the features of a SCSI cable?

A

Connects multiple devices over a single bus.
Supports daisy-chaining up to 16 devices.
Various connector types and standards.
Uses a terminator, but not if serially attached.

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65
Q

What are the features of a eSATA cable?

A

External SATA interface for external storage devices.
Supports data rates similar to internal SATA.
Maximum length of 2 meters.
Shielded with durable connectors.

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66
Q

What are the features of a IDE cable?

A

Wide ribbon cable with 40 or 80 wires.
Connects storage devices to the motherboard.
Supports data rates up to 133 MB/s.

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67
Q

What are the features of a RJ11 connector?

A

6-position, 2-conductor connector.
Supports analog signals.
Smaller than RJ45 connectors.

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68
Q

What are the features of a RJ45 connector?

A

8-position, 8-conductor connector.

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69
Q

What are the features of a F type connector?

A

Threaded connector for coaxial cables.
Secure connection for RF signals.
Simple screw-on installation.

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70
Q

What are the features of a ST connector?

A

Bayonet-style locking mechanism.
Supports single-mode and multimode fiber.

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71
Q

What are the features of a SC connector?

A

Push-pull connector for fiber optics.
Supports single-mode and multimode fiber.
Allows high-density installations.

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72
Q

What are the features of a LC connector?

A

Small form factor for fiber optics.
Latch mechanism similar to RJ45.
Ideal for high-density networking.
Supports single-mode and multimode fiber.

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73
Q

What are the features of a punchdown block?

A

Permanent connection point.

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74
Q

What are the features of a microUSB connector?

A

Supports USB 2.0 speeds up to 480 Mbps.
Non-reversible design.

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75
Q

What are the features of a miniUSB connector?

A

Slightly larger than microUSB.
Supports USB 2.0 speeds.

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76
Q

What are the features of a USB-C connector?

A

24-pin reversible connector.
Supports high-speed data, video, and power.
Can carry multiple protocols.

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77
Q

What are the features of a Molex connector?

A

4-pin power connector inside computers.
Provides +12V and +5V power.

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78
Q

What are the features of a Lightning port?

A

8-pin reversible connector.
Higher power output.
Proprietary to Apple devices.

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79
Q

What are the features of a DB9 connector?

A

9-pin D-subminiature connector.

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80
Q

Explain how a twisted pair copper cable works.

A

Twisted pair copper cables consist of pairs of insulated copper wires twisted together. Each pair carries equal and opposite signals, known as balanced pair operation (Transmit+, Transmit- / Receive+, Receive-). The twisting of the wires reduces electromagnetic interference (EMI) from external sources and crosstalk between adjacent pairs. When signals are transmitted, any interference affects both wires equally. At the receiving end, the opposite signals are compared, and the interference cancels out, ensuring signal integrity. Additionally, each pair has a different twist rate to minimize interference between pairs within the same cable.

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81
Q

What is a plenum?

A

It is typically the area above a drop ceiling or below a raised floor where air returns to the HVAC system. This space is often utilized for running network cabling due to its accessibility.

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82
Q

What is a plenum rated cable, and what types are there?

A

Plenum-rated cables are network cables designed to be installed in plenum spaces. They have special fire-resistant insulation that produces minimal smoke and toxic fumes when exposed to fire for preventing the spread of harmful gases through the HVAC system during a fire.

Types:
FEP (Fluorinated Ethylene Polymer): A type of plenum-rated jacket material.
Low-Smoke PVC: Another material used for plenum-rated cables, which emits less smoke than traditional PVC.

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83
Q

What are the abbreviations used for TP types?

A

U: Unshielded
S: Braided Shielding
F: Foil Shielding

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84
Q

What are the characteristics of fiber communication?

A

Light transmission.
Hard to intercept.
Long distance.
High bandwidth.
Immune to EMI.

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85
Q

Differentiate single and multimode fiber.

A

Single-mode has a smaller core diameter with one laser light source, supports distance up to 100km, higher bandwidth.

Multimode has a larger core diameter with multiple laser LED light sources, supports distances up to 2km, lower bandwidth.

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86
Q

Explain the order of the wires in a T568A standard cable.

A

WG, G, WO, B, WB, O, WB, B

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87
Q

Explain the order of the wires in a T568B standard cable.

A

WO, O, WG, B, WB, G, WB, B

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88
Q

What is the purpose and features of USB 1.1?

A

USB 1.1 was developed to standardize the connection of peripherals to computers, replacing multiple legacy interfaces with a single universal interface.

Low speed was 1.5Mbps at 3 meters. Full speed was 12Mbps at 5 meters.

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89
Q

Differentiate USB 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2, including the names used for each.

A

USB 3.0/3.1 Gen1/3.2 Gen1/SuperSpeed at 5Gbps.

USB 3.1/3.1 Gen1/3.2 Gen2 at 10Gbps.

USB 3.2 Gen 1x2 at 10Gbps (2 x 5Gbps)

USB 3.2 Gen 2x2 at 20Gbps (2 x 10Gbps)

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90
Q

Differentiate the Thunderbolt versions.

A

Version 1 uses Mini DisplayPort, with two channels of 10Gbps each.

Version 2 uses Mini DisplayPort, 20Gbps, 4K video support.

Version 3 uses USB-C, 40Gbps.

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91
Q

Differentiate the SATA revisions.

A

1.0 is 1.5Gbps, up to 1 meter.

2.0 is 3Gbps, up to 1 meter.

3.0 is 6Gbps, up to 1 meter.

3.2 is 16Gbps, up to 1 meter.

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92
Q

Explain SCSI ID and LUN.

A

SCSI ID differentiates devices on the same bus.

LUNs are used to identify logical units or devices, allowing one ID to represent multiple devices.

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93
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing virtual RAM?

A
  1. Ensure you have sufficient storage space to allocate for virtual memory.
  2. Relying heavily on VRAM will slow down the system considerably since storage is slower than memory.
  3. You can adjust the size of the paging file, but typically handled by the OS.
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94
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing a SODIMM?

A
  1. Make sure the DDR version is compatible with your system.
  2. Make sure the memory size is compatible the motherboard.
  3. Installed at an angle.
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95
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing DDR3?

A
  1. Not back or forwards compatible.
  2. Ensure compatibility with motherboard.
  3. Maximum 16GB per DIMM.
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96
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing DDR4?

A
  1. Not back or forwards compatible.
  2. Ensure compatibility with motherboard.
  3. Maximum 64GB per DIMM.
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97
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing DDR5?

A
  1. Not backwards compatible.
  2. Ensure compatibility with motherboard.
  3. Maximum 64GB per DIMM.
98
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing ECC RAM?

A
  1. Motherboard must be compatible.
  2. Can’t mix with non-ECC.
  3. Will have higher latency and be more expensive.
99
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing single-channel RAM?

A
  1. Limited bandwidth compared to the wider channels.
100
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing dual-channel RAM?

A
  1. Use identical modules, or very, very similar modules.
  2. Follow the documentation for order in which slots to install.
101
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing triple-channel RAM?

A
  1. Use identical modules, or very, very similar modules.
  2. Follow the documentation for order in which slots to install.
102
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing quad-channel RAM?

A
  1. Use identical modules, or very, very similar modules.
  2. Follow the documentation for order in which slots to install.
103
Q

Differentiate parity vs. ECC.

A

ECC will correct the error once detected.

Parity will save an extra bit to make the sume of bits even, it will check to see if each byte is still even, and if not, will not process.

104
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing hard drives?

A
  1. Ensure it is the right size, either 3.5in or 2.5in.
  2. Ensure that the connector on the motherboard matches the drive.
  3. Ensure that the power and data cables are connected and the mounting screws are secure.
  4. Create a backup plan for when the drive inevitably fails.
105
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing SSDs?

A
  1. Ensure it is the right size, either 2.5in, M.2, or mSATA.
  2. Ensure it is the right interface, either SATA, NVMe, or PCIe.
  3. If it’s M.2 check the keying.
  4. Update BIOS or UEFI.
106
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing flash drives?

A
  1. Ensure the device supports the type: USB, SD, microSD, etc.
  2. Always backup.
107
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing memory cards?

A
  1. Confirm that the device accepts the specific type and capacity.
  2. Always backup.
108
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing optical drives?

A
  1. Ensure you have an available SATA port.
  2. Ensure you have a spare 5.25in drive bay.
  3. Make sure your optical drive supports the type of media you need.
  4. Can also use an external USB-based drive.
109
Q

What considerations need to be made when configuring RAID 0?

A
  1. No redundancy. A single failure and it’s over.
  2. High read and write speed.
  3. Need two drives of equal size and speed.
  4. Implement some form of backup.
110
Q

What considerations need to be made when configuring RAID 1?

A
  1. Redundant. Can lose one drive.
  2. Storage capacity of the array is halved, since everything is copied.
  3. Need two drives.
  4. Decrease in write times, potential increase in read times.
111
Q

What considerations need to be made when configuring RAID 5?

A
  1. Requires 3 drives at least.
  2. Uses parity if a drive fails.
  3. Data rebuilds take time to do.
  4. Write speeds may be slower due to parity calculations.
112
Q

What considerations need to be made when configuring RAID 10?

A
  1. Requires at least 4 drives.
  2. At least two pairs of mirrored stripes, as long as you have one of each pair, you’re good.
113
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 5400rpm HDD?

A

Higher latency, less power consumption, noise, and heat.

114
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 7200rpm HDD?

A

High latency, balanced power, noise and heat.

115
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 10,000rpm HDD?

A

Low latency, more expensive, louder, and hotter.

116
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 15,000rpm HDD?

A

Lowest latency, most expensive, hottest, and loudest.

117
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 2.5in HDD?

A

Designed for laptops and compact systems, thus typically smaller capacity.

118
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a 3.5 HDD?

A

Designed for desktops, with more capacity, and higher power requirements.

119
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a NVMe SDD?

A

Requires an M.2 slot that supports NVMe, and is generally more expensive than SATA drives.

120
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a SATA SDD?

A

Faster and more expensive than an HDD, but slower than NVMe.

121
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a PCIe SDD?

A

Make sure you have a slot open.

122
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a M.2 SDD?

A
  1. Check if it is SATA or NVMe.
  2. Check if it is B-keyed, M-keyed, or B+M Keyed.
  3. Confirm length will fit.
123
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting a mSATA?

A
  1. Confirm you actually have the slot.
124
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring an ATX motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure case is compatible with the form factor.
  2. Ensure the PSU has the proper connectors for the mobo.
  3. Consider the number of expansion slots.
  4. Ensure adequate ventilation, including cable management.
125
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring an ITX motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure case is compatible with smaller form factor.
  2. Ensure parts fit within case.
  3. Ensure PSU is compatible with ITX.
  4. Plan around fewer expansion slots.
  5. Ensure adequate ventilation.
126
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with PCI connections?

A
  1. Recognize that the connection is slow.
  2. Ensure expansion card is compatible with voltage (3.3V, 5V, or Universal).
  3. Identify whether it’s 32-bit or 64-bit.
127
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with PCIe express connections?

A
  1. Ensure slot sizes match desired expansions, x1, x4, x8, or x16.
  2. Ensure any high-performance cards have additional power from PSU and additional cooling.
128
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with power connections?

A
  1. Ensure PSU has necessary power connectors (20 or 24-pin).
  2. Route the cables efficiently to prevent air-flow obstruction.
  3. Ensure PSU has high enough wattage for mobo and expansion cards.
129
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with SATA connections?

A
  1. Check SATA version on mobo.
  2. Ensure correct number of connections for the number of drives you want.
  3. Configure in BIOS.
130
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with eSATA connections?

A
  1. Used for external connections, and a different shape than SATA.
131
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with headers?

A
  1. Ensure front panel buttons and LEDS are connected to appropriate headers.
  2. Pay attention to positive and negative pins.
132
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a motherboard with M.2 connections?

A
  1. Can support SATA or NVMe protocols.
  2. Can be M or B keyed.
  3. Can be different module sizes.
  4. May need to adjust BIOS settings.
133
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing an AMD motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure you have a compatible AMD CPU.
  2. May need to update BIOS when upgrading.
  3. Ensure CPU is compatible with RAM.
  4. Ensure CPU cooler physically fits.
134
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing an Intel motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure you have a compatible Intel CPU.
  2. May need to update BIOS when upgrading.
  3. Ensure CPU is compatible with RAM.
  4. Ensure CPU cooler physically fits.
135
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing a server motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure chassis is compatible with form factor.
  2. Select the correct # of CPU slots.
  3. Verify support of ECC memory
  4. Confirm number of expansion slots.
  5. Consider PSU redundancy.
136
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing a multisocket motherboard?

A
  1. Ensure CPUs support multi-CPU configs, and are identical.
  2. Ensure adequate cooling.
  3. Ensure compatiblity with memory.
  4. Ensure PSU wattage.
137
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing a desktop motherboard?

A
  1. Match the case to the form factor.
  2. Ensure the mobo supports the CPU, RAM, GPU, and other expansions.
  3. Verify PSU has proper connectors.
138
Q

What compatibility considerations need to be when installing a mobile motherboard?

A
  1. Proprietary designs mean parts must be exact match.
  2. Components are soldered on.
  3. Need specific cooling solutions.
139
Q

How do you install and configure BIOS/UEFI?

A
  1. Different keys used during boot-up process (Del, F2, etc.)
  2. Use menuts to set boot order, system time, and other hardware settings.
  3. Update firmware carefully according to documentation.
  4. Save changes on exit.
140
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting boot options?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Navigate to Boot Menu.
  3. Enable/Disable/Reorder boot devices.
  4. Save and exit.
141
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting USB permissions?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Navigate to Security Settings.
  3. Enable/disable USB ports or allow boot from USB.
  4. Save changes and exit.
142
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting TPM security features?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Find TPM settings.
  3. Enable/disable or configure TPM features.
  4. Save and exit.
143
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting fan considerations?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Navigate to Hardware Monitor, then fan settings.
  3. Adjust fan profiles, monitor temps, or set thresholds for speed based on temp.
  4. Save and exit.
144
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting Secure Boot?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Navigate to Secure Boot Option under the Security or Boot menus.
  3. Enable/disable or manage boot keys.
  4. Save and exit.
145
Q

How do you configure the UEFI setting boot password?

A
  1. Access UEFI.
  2. Navigate to security settings.
  3. Set user and supervisor password.
  4. Do NOT make a mistake or forget the password.
  5. Save and exit.
146
Q

How do you configure TPM?

A
  1. Enable in UEFI.
  2. Use tpm.msc to initialize and manage TPM.
  3. Use features that utilize TPM.
147
Q

How do you configure HSM?

A
  1. Install the HSM.
  2. Install drivers and managment software.
  3. Use software to set up administrators and security policies.
148
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with x64 architecture?

A
  1. Ensure mobo compatibility.
  2. Update BIOS/UEFI if necessary.
  3. Install an x64 OS.
  4. Utilize higher RAM support.
149
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with x86 architecture?

A
  1. Ensure mobo compatibility.
  2. Install an x86 OS.
  3. Recognize 4GB memory limit.
150
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with ARM architecture?

A
  1. Ensure mobo and OS compatibility.
  2. Ensure necessary applications can run on OS.
  3. Often integrated, with not much room for upgrades.
151
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with single-core architecture?

A
  1. Suitable for basic tasks.
  2. Ensure apps do not require multi-core processing.
  3. Confirm mobo support.
152
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with multicore architecture?

A
  1. Ensure mobo compatibility.
  2. Configure BIOS/UEFI to recognize cores.
  3. Much higher cooling requirements.
153
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with multithreading?

A
  1. Enable it and hyperthreading in the BIOS/UEFI.
154
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a CPU with virtualization support?

A
  1. Activate Intel VT-x or AMD-V in BIOS/UEFI.
  2. Install virtualization software.
  3. Ensure sufficient CPU, memory, and storage for VMs.
155
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a sound card?

A
  1. Verify expansion slot.
  2. Install drivers.
  3. Disable onboard sound.
  4. Connect peripherals to soundcard I/O.
156
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a video card?

A
  1. Verify expansion slot and physical fit.
  2. Verify PSU wattage.
  3. Install drivers.
  4. Disable onboard graphics.
  5. Connect peripherals to video card I/O.
157
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a capture card?

A
  1. Verify expansion slot and storage capacity.
  2. Install drivers and software.
  3. Connect video sources to capture card I/O.
158
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a NIC?

A
  1. Verify expansion slot.
  2. Install drives.
  3. Disable onboard networking.
  4. Set up network.
159
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring fans?

A
  1. Match fan-size to mounting points.
  2. Ensure correct orientation for intake and exhaust fans.
  3. Connect fans to mobo headers.
  4. Adjust settings in BIOS.
160
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring a heat sink?

A
  1. Ensure heat sink matches CPU socket.
  2. Apply thermal paste or use thermal pads as recommended.
  3. Install firmly, but don’t overtighten.
  4. Install fans.
161
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring thermal paste/pads?

A
  1. Apply only a pea-sized glob of paste.
  2. Apply pressure evenly when installing heaksink.
  3. Remove old with isopropyl.
162
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing and configuring liquid cooling?

A
  1. Ensure fit within case and CPU support.
  2. Mount cooling block and radiator.
  3. Test for leaks before powering on system.
  4. Be prepared to replace coolant in the future.
  5. Ensure radiator fans are optimally configured.
163
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 110-120 VAC?

A
  1. Verify your locale uses 110-120V power.
  2. Ensure the PSU voltage switch is set to 110-120V input.
164
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 220-240 VAC?

A
  1. Verify your locale uses 220-240V power.
  2. Ensure the PSU voltage switch is set to 220-240V input.
165
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 3.3V output?

A
  1. Ensure mobo components need 3.3V output.
166
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 5V output?

A
  1. Identify if any legacy devices need 5V output.
167
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 12V output?

A
  1. Recognize that high-power components primarily used 12V.
  2. Ensure enough connectors.
168
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 20-pin motherboard adapter?

A
  1. Ensure mobo uses 20-pin connector.
  2. 24-pin connectors often work on 20-pin connectors.
169
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a PSU with 24-pin motherboard adapter?

A
  1. Ensure mobo uses 24-pin connector.
170
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a redundant power supply?

A
  1. Ensure server chassis is compatible with redundant PSU.
  2. Ensure new PSU matches specs of current.
  3. If needed, confirm hot-swapability.
  4. Confirm each PSU can support 100% of the system’s load individually.
171
Q

What considerations need to be made when installing or replacing a modular power supply?

A
  1. Don’t mix cables from other PSUs.
  2. Verify it comes with the cables you need.
  3. Connect only the cables you need.
172
Q

What considerations need to be made when selecting the wattage rating of a PSU?

A
  1. Sum the wattage reqs of the CPU, GPU, drives, fans, and peripherals.
  2. Add 50% more wattage.
  3. Look for high efficiency ratings.
  4. Ensure fit.
173
Q

What requires +12V output?

A

PCIe adapters, HDD motors, fans, most modern components.

174
Q

What requires -12V output?

A

Integrated LAN, old serial ports, some PCI cards.

175
Q

What requires +5V output?

A

Some mobo components, but most are now +3.3V.

176
Q

What requires -5V output?

A

ISA adpater cards.

177
Q

What requires +3.3V output?

A

M.2 slots, RAM slots, mobo logic circuits.

178
Q

How do you properly unbox a MFD?

A
  1. Ensure enough space for device.
  2. Unbox the device away from walkways.
  3. Remove packaging according to instructions.
  4. Check that all parts and accessories are present and functional.
179
Q

How do you properly pick a setup location for an MFD?

A
  1. Choose an area with sufficient space that doesn’t obstruct walkways.
  2. Ensure it has proper power connections.
  3. Verify network connections are accessible.
  4. Place in an easily accessible space for users.
180
Q

How do you deploy and configure the appropriate drivers for a given OS?

A
  1. Determine your OS, architecture, and its version.
  2. Obtain the drivers for your model, OS, and architecture.
  3. Install drivers and print a test page.
181
Q

How do you deploy and configure PCL?

A
  1. Get the PCL driver specific to your common printer model and OS.
  2. Install and test.
182
Q

How do you deploy and configure PostScript?

A
  1. Get the PostScript driver specific to your higher-end printer model and OS.
  2. Install and test.
183
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with USB connectivity?

A
  1. Use a USB Type A to Type B cable.
  2. Turn on the device.
  3. Install drivers.
  4. Detect the printer and test.
184
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with Ethernet connectivity?

A
  1. Plug an Ethernet cable into the RJ45 port.
  2. Assign a static IP address or let DHCP do it.
  3. Install network printer drivers on your computer.
  4. Add the network printer by inputting the IP address.
  5. Print a test page.
185
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with wireless connectivity?

A
  1. On the MFD, navigate to Wi-Fi setup.
  2. Select the network SSID and enter the password.
  3. Connect to a WAP (Infrastructure Mode) or directly to the device (ad hoc).
  4. Install drivers on computer.
  5. Select printer and test print.
186
Q

How do you deploy and configure a printer share?

A
  1. Attach the MFD to a computer via USB.
  2. Control Panel>Devices and Printers>Printer Properties>Sharing tab>Share this printer
  3. Set share name.
  4. Ensure network file and printer sharing is enabled.
  5. Add the shared printer on other network computers.
  6. Keep the host computer on for others to access the printer.
187
Q

How do you deploy and configure a print server?

A
  1. Use an MFD that supports the functionality.
  2. Connect the MFD to the network.
  3. Access the Web interface by inputting the IP address in the browser.
  4. Enable server features and configure.
  5. Install network printer drivers on client computers.
188
Q

How do you configure duplex?

A
  1. Ensure MFD supports duplexing.
  2. When printing your document, select duplex or two-sided printing.
  3. Select long or short-edge printing.
189
Q

How do you configure orientation?

A
  1. When printing your document, select portrait or landscape orientation.
190
Q

How do you configure tray settings?

A
  1. Know which tray has which paper.
  2. When printing your document, select desired paper source or tray selection.
191
Q

How do you configure quality?

A
  1. When printing your document, choose the desired resolution, color/greyscale, or color saving mode.
192
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with user authentication?

A
  1. Access the MFD’s web interface or control panel.
  2. Enable authentication.
  3. Add users or import from directory and assign permissions.
  4. Provide client credentials.
  5. Verify user functionality.
193
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with badging?

A
  1. Access the MFD’s web interface or control panel.
  2. Enable badging authentication and integerate with org’s ID system.
  3. Provide client credentials.
  4. Verify user functionality.
194
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with audit logs?

A
  1. Access the MFD’s web interface or control panel.
  2. Navigate to Audit Logs or Logging.
  3. Select which info to record and set retention policies.
  4. Choose storage location.
  5. Monitor.
195
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with secured prints?

A
  1. Access the MFD’s web interface or control panel.
  2. Enable secure print and set PIN.
  3. Print document.
  4. Go to MFD and release the job with your PIN.
196
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with email network scan services?

A
  1. Access the MFD’s web interface or control panel.
  2. Enter SMTP server details, port numbers, and authentication credentials.
  3. Set default email addresses or allow manual entry.
  4. Select file formats and resolutions.
  5. Test.
197
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with SMB network scan services?

A
  1. Prepare a shared folder and allow read/write access for the MFD.
  2. Access the MFD’s settings and input the network path with credentials if necessary.
  3. Select file formats and resolutions.
  4. Test.
198
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with cloud network scan services?

A
  1. On the MFD, navigate to cloud scanning options.
  2. Log into cloud storage account (Google Drive, Dropbox. etc.) and set permissions.
  3. Choose destination folders, file format, and scan quality.
  4. Test.
199
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with an ADF?

A
  1. Ensure documents are aligned before putting in feeder.
  2. Select paper source, resolution, color settings, and file format.
  3. Scan and check output.
200
Q

How do you deploy and configure an MFD with a flatbed scanner?

A
  1. Place doucment face-down on the glass.
  2. Select the flatbed as source.
  3. Set desired resolution, color options, and file format.
  4. Scan and check output.
201
Q

What functions could an MFD have?

A
  1. Printer
  2. Scanenr
  3. Fax
  4. Network connections
  5. Phone line connections
  6. Print from web
202
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace an imaging drum?

A
  1. Power off printer.
  2. Access the imagining drum. Sometimes it’s integrated into the toner cartridge.
  3. Remove according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Unpack the new drum without touching it, while limiting its exposure to light.
  5. Install, close, power on, and test.
203
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace a fuser assembly?

A
  1. Power off and cool down.
  2. Access the fuser assembly.
  3. Release any locking mechanisms and remove.
  4. Reverse to install.
  5. Close, power on, and test.
204
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace a transfer belt?

A
  1. Power off printer.
  2. Access the transfer belt and remove anything blocking access.
  3. Remove any locking tabs or screws and carefully remove.
  4. Unpack the new belt, taking care to not touch its surface.
  5. Install and secure new belt.
  6. Reinstall all parts, close, power on, and test.
205
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace a transfer roller?

A
  1. Power off the printer.
  2. Remove the toner to access the roller.
  3. Remove the old roller by releasing its holders or clips (handling carefully to avoid toner stains).
  4. Prepare the new roller, avoiding touching the surface.
  5. Install the new roller and reinstall toner.
  6. Close, power on, and test.
206
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace pickup rollers?

A
  1. Power off the printer.
  2. Remove the paper tray and locate the pickup rollers.
  3. Release any clips or tabs and slide the rollers off their shafts.
  4. Install the new rollers and lock in.
  5. Reinstall paper tray, power on, and test.
207
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace separation pads?

A
  1. Power off the printer.
  2. Remove the paper tray and locate the separation pads.
  3. Release any clips or tabs and lift out the pad.
  4. Install the new pad and lock in.
  5. Reinstall paper tray, power on, and test.
208
Q

In a laser printer, how do you install and replace a duplexing assembly?

A
  1. Power off the printer.
  2. Release any locking mechanisms and slide out the unit.
  3. Install the new assembly and secure.
  4. Close, power on, and test duplexing.
209
Q

Explain the laser printer imaging process.

A
  1. Charging. The imaging drum is charged with a negative charge by the primary corona wire or charge roller.
  2. Exposing. A laser beam writes the image onto the drum by neutralizing the charge in specific areas, creating a latent electrostatic image.
  3. Developing. Negatively charged toner particles are applied to the drum. They stick to the areas where the laser has neautralized the charge (the image areas).
  4. Transferring. The toner image is transferred from the drum onto the paper, which is given a positive charge to attract the negatively charged toner.
  5. Fusing. Heat and pressure from the fuser assembly melt and bond the toner particles permanently to the paper.
  6. Cleaning. Any residual toner on the drum is cleaned off and the drum is prepared for the next print job.
210
Q

What are the steps of the laser printing process?

A

Processing, Charging, Exposing, Developing, Transferring, Fusing, Cleaning.

211
Q

In a laser printer, how do you maintain the device by replacing toner?

A
  1. Watch for low toner warnings.
  2. Obtain correct toner cartridge.
  3. Power down, or don’t if hot swappable.
  4. Open the printer cover and pull out the old cartridge.
  5. Open the new cartridge and remove the seals.
  6. Install the new cartridge.
  7. Close and test.
212
Q

In a laser printer, how do you maintain the device by applying a maintenance kit?

A
  1. Schedule maintenance by use or manufacturer recommendation.
  2. Obtain maintenace kit.
  3. Power down and unplug.
  4. Follow kit instructions to replace feed rollers, fuser unit, etc.
  5. Reset maintenance counter.
  6. Power on and test.
213
Q

In a laser printer, how do you maintain the device by calibration?

A
  1. Access calibration settings.
  2. Run test and follow prompts.
  3. Review results and make adjustments.
  4. Save new settings.
  5. Test print.
214
Q

In a laser printer, how do you maintain the device by cleaning?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Use lint-free cloths and isopropyl alcohol.
  3. Wipe exterior.
  4. Gently remove dust and toner from rollers and general interior.
  5. Do not touch the imaging drum.
  6. Dispose of waste properly.
  7. Close and power on.
215
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace an ink cartridge?

A
  1. Power on the printer.
  2. Open the printer cover.
  3. Undo latch and remove old cartridge.
  4. Unpack the new cartridge and remove protective tapes.
  5. Install new cartridge.
  6. Close, follow prompts, and test print.
216
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace a print head?

A
  1. Not all printers will let you.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Open cover and remove ink cartridges.
  4. Release print head and remove.
  5. Install new print head and cartridges.
  6. Close, power on, calibrate, and test print.
217
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace a roller?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access rollers according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Remove old rollers and install new rollers.
  5. Close, power on, and test.
218
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace a feeder?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access feeder according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Remove old feeder and install new feeder.
  5. Close, power on, and test.
219
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace a duplexing assembly?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access duplexer according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Remove old duplexer and install new duplexer.
  5. Close, power on, and test.
220
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you install and replace a carriage belt?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access carriage belt according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Remove old carriage belt and install new carriage belt.
  5. Close, power on, and test.
221
Q

How do you perform calibration in an InkJet printer?

A
  1. Access calibration utility via printer menu or software.
  2. Start calibration and follow on screen calibrations.
  3. Print calibration page.
  4. Adjust settings if prompted.
  5. Test print.
222
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you maintain the device by cleaning the heads?

A
  1. Access cleaning utility via printer menu or software.
  2. Run cycle.
  3. Print a test page.
  4. Repeat if necessary.
  5. If removable, clean with lint-free cloth and distilled water.
223
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you maintain the device by replacing cartridges?

A
  1. Monitor ink levels.
  2. Replace cartridges when low.
  3. Follow manufacturer’s installation steps.
224
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you maintain the device by calibration?

A
  1. Access calibration settings.
  2. Run calibration process.
  3. Adjust settings if necessary.
225
Q

In an InkJet printer, how do you maintain the device by clearing jams?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Open covers and gently remove jammed paper in the direction of its path, without tearing.
  3. Check for residual pieces.
  4. Close covers.
  5. Power on and test.
226
Q

In a thermal printer, how do you install and replace a feed assembly?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access and remove old assembly according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Install new assembly.
  5. Reassemble and test.
227
Q

In a thermal printer, how do you install and replace a heating element?

A
  1. Consider professional service.
  2. Power down and unplug.
  3. Access and remove old heating element according to manufacturer’s instructions.
  4. Install new heating element.
  5. Reassemble and test.
228
Q

Explain the significance of special thermal paper.

A

Coated with chemicals that react to heat. Thermal printer’s print head causes paper to darken where needed. Replace need for ink or toner.

229
Q

Explain the significance of the heat sensitivity of special thermal paper.

A
  1. Printers heat the paper to make the image.
  2. Require no consumables other than paper.
  3. Sensitive to heat and light over time.
230
Q

In a thermal printer, how do you maintain the device by replacing paper?

A
  1. Open the cover.
  2. Remove old roll.
  3. Insert new roll with correct orientation.
  4. Pull paper end through the slot.
  5. Close and test.
231
Q

In a thermal printer, how do you maintain the device by cleaning the heating element?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Access print head.
  3. Use a cleaning pen or isopropyl alcohol.
  4. Allow to dry.
  5. Close and test.
232
Q

In a thermal printer, how do you maintain the device by removing debris?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Open printer.
  3. Use compressed air or brush.
  4. Wipe with lint-free cloth.
  5. Close and test.
233
Q

In an impact printer, how do you install and replace a print head?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Open printer cover.
  3. Remove ribbon cartridge.
  4. Release print head locks.
  5. Remove old print head.
  6. Install new print head.
  7. Reinstall ribbon.
  8. Close printer and test.
234
Q

In an impact printer, how do you install and replace a ribbon?

A
  1. Power down.
  2. Open cover.
  3. Remove old ribbon.
  4. Install new ribbon.
  5. Advance ribbon.
  6. Close printer and test.
235
Q

In an impact printer, how do you install and replace a tractor feed?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Access tractor feed and remove.
  3. Install new tractor feed.
  4. Load paper, aligning the holes with pins.
  5. Close and test.
236
Q

Explain the significance of impact paper.

A
  1. Sprocket holes for tractor feeding.
  2. Supports carbon copies or carbonless paper for duplicates.
  3. Durable enought to withstand impact.
237
Q

In an impact printer, how do you maintain the device by replacing paper?

A
  1. Power down.
  2. Remove old paper.
  3. Load new paper, aligning with sprocket holes.
  4. Adjust guides and advance paper.
  5. Power on and test.
238
Q

In an 3D printer, how do you install and replace filament?

A
  1. Heat the nozzle to the filament’s melt temp.
  2. Retract the old filament.
  3. Cut the end of the new filament cleanly.
  4. Insert the filament into extruder and feed until it extrudes.
  5. Test print.
239
Q

In an 3D printer, how do you install and replace resin?

A
  1. Wear protective gloves and goggles.
  2. Empty old resin into container through a filter.
  3. Clean vat if changing resin types.
  4. Add new resin.
  5. Test print.
240
Q

In an 3D printer, how do you install and replace the print bed?

A
  1. Power down and unplug.
  2. Release clips or screws.
  3. Install new print bed.
  4. Level the bed.
  5. Power on and test.

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