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Computer Science - IGCSE > Hardware > Flashcards

Hardware Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the role of the CPU?

A

It process instructions and data that are input into the computer so that the result can be output.

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2
Q

What is a microprocessor?

A

A microprocessor is a type of integrated circuit on a single chip that is able to perform many of the functions of a CPU.

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the ALU?

A

The Arithmetic and Logic Unit performs all the mathematical and logical operations required when processing data and instructions.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the CU?

A

The Control Unit controls all the operations in the CPU.

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the PC?

A

The Program Counter stores the address of the next instruction to be processed.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of the MAR?

A

The Memory Address Register holds the address of the data to be located in RAM.

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7
Q

What is the purpose of the MDR?

A

The Memory Data Register holds the data that is fetched from the RAM.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of the CIR?

A

The Current Instruction Register (is built into the CU and) holds the instruction that is being processed in the CPU.

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9
Q

What is the purpose of the ACC?

A

The Accumulator is a register built into the ALU that stores the result of any interim calculations.

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10
Q

What is the purpose and direction of the address bus?

A

They are wires used for the transmission of adresses between components in a computer.
It is unidirectional.

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11
Q

What is the purpose and direction of the data bus?

A

They are wires used to transmit data between components in a computer.
It is bi-directional.

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12
Q

What is the purpose of a control bus and its direction?

A

Wires used for the transmission of control signals between components in a computer.

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13
Q

What is a core?

A

The part of the CPU that contains all the components that are used to perform the fetch-decode-execute cycle.

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14
Q

What is a cache?

A

It is a storage that is built into the CPU, to store the most frequently used data and instructions.

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15
Q

What is clock (speed)?

A

The number of fetch-decode-execute cycles that can be performed in a second.

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16
Q

What can effect the performance of a CPU?

A
  • The number of cores
  • size of the cache
  • the speed of the clock
17
Q

What is the purpose and use of an instruction set for a CPU?

A

It is a list of commands that can be processes by a CPU and the commands are machine code.

18
Q

What is the purpose of an embedded system?

A

It is used to perform a specific/dedicated function.

19
Q

Devices that use embedded systems?

A

Domestic appliances, traffic lights, alarm clocks, security systems, lighting systems etc.

20
Q

What is an input device?

A

A device that allows data to be entered into a compter system.

21
Q

What is an output device?

A

A device that can be used to obtain the results of data that has been processed.

22
Q

Examples of input devices.

A

Barcode scanner
Digital camera
Keyboard
Microphone
Optical mouse
QR code scanner
Touch screen (resistive, capacitive and infra-red)
2-D and 3-D scanners.

23
Q

Examples of output devices.

A

Actuator
Digital light processing (DLP) projector
Inkjet and laser printers
LED screen
Liquid crystal display (LCD) projector and screen
Speaker
3D printer

24
Q

What is a sensor and its purpose?

A

It is a type of input device that captures data from its immediate environment.
It is used in automated systems.

25
Q

Examples of sensors

A

Acoustic
Accelerometer
Flow
Gas
Humidity
Infra-red
Level
Light
Magnetic fiels
Moisture
pH
Pressure
Proximity
Temperature

26
Q

Which type of storage is directly accessed by the CPU?

A

Primary storage.

27
Q

What storage is not directly accessed by the CPU but is necessary for more permanent storage of data?

A

Secondary storage.

28
Q

What does ROM store?

A

The start up instructions for the computer.

29
Q

What does RAM store?

A

The current instructions being processed.

30
Q

Differences between RAM and ROM.

A

RAM is:
Volatile
Easy to manipulate
Stores currently in use data
Its contents are constantly being change

OPPOSITE FOR ROM.

Computer Science - IGCSE (4 decks)

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