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Computer Science - IGCSE > Data Representation > Flashcards

Data Representation Flashcards

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1
Q

What component processes data in a computer?

A

Logic gates

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2
Q

Where is data in a computer stored temporarily?

A

A register

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3
Q

What is the range of the hexadecimal number system?

A

0-9 and A-F

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4
Q

Convert 13 to binary.

A

1101

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5
Q

What is the maximum binary length?

A

16-bits

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6
Q

Convert 10010110 t denary and hexadecimal.

A

150 denary
96 hexadecimal

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7
Q

Convert 01100011 to denary

A

99

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8
Q

Are there decimals in number systems?

A

No.

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9
Q

Convert 201 base 10 to hexadecimal.

A

C9

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10
Q

Why must all data be converted to binary when going into a computer?

A

A computer can only process binary data.

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11
Q

Convert 5E to denary

A

94

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12
Q

Convert A2 to a binary number

A

10100010

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13
Q

How is the use of hexadecimal beneficial? [3]

A
  • it is a shorter way of representing binary.
    -it is easier for humans to understand than binary.
  • it is easier to debug and locate errors in data.
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14
Q

Where is hexadecimal used in computer science? [4]

A
  • ASCII/Unicode
  • MAC address
  • IP address
  • representing colour values in HTML/CSS
  • assembly language
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15
Q

Add 10010100 to 00011110.

A

10110010

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16
Q

Why can computers only use binary?

A

Computers only understand binary data which uses 1’s and 0’s rather than analogue data.

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17
Q

When does an overflow error occur?

A

An error that occurs when a number larger than a register can store is generated/returned.

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18
Q

How does the computer know the largest amount of bits it can store?

A

It has a predefined limit.

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19
Q

What is the effect of one logical shift to the left?

A

The number is multiplied by 2.

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20
Q

What is the effect of a logical shift to the right?

A

The number i divided by 2.

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21
Q

What happens to the empty space created after a logical shift?

A

It is filled with a 0.

22
Q

What is one problem with logical shifts?

A

The most/least significant bit is lost so the data can loose its integrity (real value).

23
Q

Multiply this by 4. 11101100.
How did you do this?

A

10110000
Done using two logical shifts to the left.

24
Q

What is two’s complement?

A

A method used to represent negative binary numbers.

25
Q

What are the steps of two’s complement? [2]

A
  • get a binary number (if decimal convert it)
  • invert all the values in the binary number
  • add 1 to your result
26
Q

Convert -25 base 10 to binary using two’s complement.

A

11100111.

27
Q

How do i know if my binary value is negative?

A

If the most significant bit is 1.

28
Q

Convert this negative binary to a two’s complement 8-bit integer.
10100110.

A

-90

29
Q

Conver 25 to a two’s complement 8-bit integer.

A

00011001

30
Q

Why can a computer not understand the alphabets?

A

A computer only processes binary, so all data must be converted to binary.

31
Q

Which character set is more preferred between ASCII and Unicode?
Why?

A

Unicode. It has a greater range of characters and symbols including different languages and emojis.

32
Q

How is Unicode a large character set?

A

It uses/requires more bits per character than ASCII.

33
Q

What are character sets?

A

A collection of characters within the character set and their corresponding binary values.

34
Q

What does ASCII stand for?

A

American Standard Code of Information Interchange

35
Q

What is the key element in images that allow them to be converted to binary?

A

Pixels.

36
Q

What is the resolution of an image?

A

The number of pixels in the image and their dimensions/positioning.

37
Q

What is the colour depth of an image?

A

It is the number of bits used to represent each colour.

38
Q

How do i calculate the size of an image file?

A

Resolution * colour depth * number of images in the file

39
Q

What happens as image resolution and colour depth increase?

A

The file size and quality of the image increase.

40
Q

How does a computer represent sound?

A

A sound wave is sampled (recorded at intervals) for sound to be converted to binary.

41
Q

What is the sample rate?

A

The number of samples taken in a second.

42
Q

What is the sample resolution?

A

The number of bits per sample.

43
Q

What happens as sample rate and resolution increase?

A

The accuracy of the recording and file size increase.

44
Q

How big is a nibble.

A

4 bits

45
Q

How big is a byte

A

8 bits

46
Q

Tho order of the data conversion table. [9]

A

Bit
Nibble - 4 bits
Byte - 8 bits
Kibibyte - 1024 bytes
Mebibyte - 1024 kibibytes
Gibibytes -1024 mebibytes
Tebibytes
Pebibytes
Exbibytes

47
Q

How do i calculate the size of a sound file?

A

Sample rate * sample resolution * length of soundtrack.

48
Q

What is the purpose of compression?

A

To reduce the size of a file

49
Q

What are the benefits of compression? [3]

A

-Less storage space required.
-Shorter transmission time
-Less bandwith required
-Quicker to upload and download.

50
Q

What is the difference between lossy and lossless compression?

A

Lossy permanently removes data while lossless reduces the file size by altering the data.

51
Q

How does lossy compression work?

A

It uses a compression algorithm that finds unnecessary data and permanently removes it from the file.
E.g reducing the resolution, colour depth, sample rate or resolution.

52
Q

How does lossless compression work?

A

It reduces the file size without permanently removing data. It uses Run Length Encoding to find and group repeating data together.

Computer Science - IGCSE (4 decks)

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