hard topics Flashcards
computational thinking
the thought processes involved in formulating problems so their solutions can be represented as computational steps and algorithms
connectionism
a learning theory that presents learning as the result of a connection between a stimulus and a response. A stimulus is a thing or occurrence that brings about a result, and a response is a result or outcome.
cognitive mapping
a mental picture or image of the layout of the physical environment
WWII’s role
the war demanded rapid progression of such technology, resulting in the production of new computers of unprecedented power
the emergence of social and cultural psychology as legitimate areas of science
embodied cognition
the mind emerges from relations between brain, body, and world
gibson’s theory
Perception is a direct, bottom-up process. Perception doesn’t require the use of past knowledge or the interpretation of sensory data.
Sensory data is rich, complex, and sufficient to make accurate environmental judgments.
Perception is an innate process that is a result of evolution.
bierdeman’s recognition-by-components theory
According to RBC theory, we are able to recognize objects by separating them into geons (the object’s main component parts).
affordances in gibson’s theory
the quality or property of an object that defines its possible uses or makes clear how it can or should be used
blindsight in being consciously aware
A neurological condition where someone can perceive the location of an object despite being cortically blind
we process more information than we are aware of
optic flow
the pattern of apparent motion of objects, surfaces, and edges in a visual scene caused by the relative motion between an observer and a scene
apperceptive agnosia
trouble recognizing objects even though you have typical vision
ambient optic array
the structured arrangement of light with respect to a point of observation.
perception/action approach
the new sensory stimulation is not divorced from the actions that generated it; rather, the two are paired together. That is, the mind learns the pairing of changes in sensory stimulation along with the actions that caused them
associative agnosia
impairment in recognition or assigning meaning to a stimulus that is accurately perceived
experience error
- What you see isn’t what you get
- The false assumption that the structure of the world is directly given from our senses
Visual illusions illustrate that we don’t always perceive an accurate representation of a visual stimulus
- The false assumption that the structure of the world is directly given from our senses
expertise hypothesis
putatively face-specific mechanisms are actually domain-general, and can be recruited for the perception of other objects of expertise
where and what pathways
where: the location of objects in space and for the guidance of actions
what: support the processing of visual information about the identity of objects
the role of binding in visual search
allows us to memorize not only separate visual features, such as colors, shapes, and orientations, but also their specific conjunctions that characterize objects in the visual world
triesman’s model
retains both the idea of an early selection process, as well as the mechanism by which physical cues are used as the primary point of discrimination
broadbent’s model
a filter acts as a buffer on incoming sensory information to select what information gains conscious awareness
posner cueing task
designed to measure the time it takes to re-orient attention from one side of the visual field to the other, when a misleading cue was given
covert attention
allowing the brain to attend to an object without moving the eyes toward that object
overt attention
the brain to attend to an object with moving the eyes toward that object
attention as a spotlight
attention operates like a beam or a moving spotlight; i.e., stimuli on which the spotlight is focused are selected for priority processing at the expense of stimuli being presented outside
