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BMAT > hard topics > Flashcards

hard topics Flashcards

1
Q

v =

A

u + at

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2
Q

v squared =

A

u squared + 2as

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3
Q

s =

A

ut + 1/2at^2
vt - 1/2at^2

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4
Q

s =

A

1/2 (u + v)t

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5
Q

I =

A

Q/t

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6
Q

V =

A

E/Q

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7
Q

V =

A

IR

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8
Q

P =

A

IV = I^2R = V^2/R

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9
Q

E =

A

ItV

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10
Q

Rt =

A

product / sum
two resistors in parallel

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11
Q

Rt =

A

R1/n (for n identical resistors in parallel)

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12
Q

R1/R2 =

A

V1/V2 (series circuits)

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13
Q

specific heat capacity =

A

thermal energy/mass x temperature change

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14
Q

density =

A

mass / volume

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15
Q

P =

A

F/A

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16
Q

hydrostatic P =

A

height x density x g

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17
Q

PV =

A

constnat

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18
Q

c =

A

fλ

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19
Q

angle of incidence =

A

angle of refleciton

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20
Q

n1/n2

A

V1/V2

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21
Q

Vp/Ip

A

VsIs

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22
Q

F =

A

BI l

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23
Q

a =

A

v-u /t

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24
Q

W =

A

mg

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25
Q

F =

A

ma

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26
Q

E =

A

Fd

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27
Q

GPE =

A

mgh

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28
Q

KE =

A

1/2 mv^2

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29
Q

E =

A

1/2 Fx = 1/2 kx^2

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30
Q

p =

A

mv

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31
Q

P =

A

E/t

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32
Q

effiency =

A

useful energy out/total energy in

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33
Q

alpha decay loses

A

4 from mass number
2 from atomic number

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34
Q

beta decay loses

A

atomic number gains 1
(a proton turns into a nuetron and a positron and electron neutrino are emitted in the process. then ucleus loses a proton in this process so atomic number decreases by 1)

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35
Q

how does blood travel around the heart

A

right atrium
right ventricle
pulmonary artery
lungs
pulmonary veins
left atrium
left ventricle

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36
Q

arteries

A

carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart

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37
Q

capillaries connect

A

veins and arteris

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38
Q

veins

A

carry oxygen poor blood from body tissue back to the heart

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39
Q

the aortic valve connects

A

left ventricle and aorta

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40
Q

mitral valve connects

A

left atrium and left ventricle

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41
Q

pulmonary valve connects

A

left ventricle and pulmonary artery

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42
Q

tricuspid valve connects

A

right atrum and right ventricle

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43
Q

oxygen enters your body from

A

the inferior vena cava and superior vena cava

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44
Q

describe voltage in series circuits

A

shared between the components

45
Q

describe current in series circuits

A

same across the citcuit

46
Q

describe total resistance in series circuits

A

is the sum of the indiviual resistance

47
Q

describe voltage in parallel circuits

A

voltage is the same across all components

48
Q

describe current in parallel circuits

A

shared between branches

49
Q

describe total resistance in parallel circuits

A

always less than the branch with the lowest resistnace

50
Q

describe genetic engineering

A

i. taking a copy of a gene from (DNA/chromosomes of) one organism.
ii. insertion of that gene into the DNA of another organism.
iii. the roles of restriction enzymes and ligases.

51
Q

what happens during electrolysis

A

an electric current is passed through an ionic substance that is either molten or in solution. The movement of the ions is able to complete the circuit and thus allow the flow of electricity. However, in the process, the ions gain or lose electrons at the cathode and the anode respectively. This change in their oxidation state causes them to become atoms or molecules.

52
Q

what type of current MUST be used in electrolysis

A

direct current

53
Q

why cant an alternating current be used in electrolysis

A

would result in the electrodes flickering very quickly between being positive and negative. This would mean that the ions wouldn’t be attracted to one particular electrode, therefore would not be able to form the desired atoms or molecules.

54
Q

the short side of the dry cell in the circuit is

A

negative (connected to the negative electrode)

55
Q

the long side of the dry cell is

A

positive (connected to the positive electrode)

56
Q

the negative electrode (cathode) attracts

A

cations
positively-charged cations gain electrons and are thus reduced (reduction takes place here).

57
Q

the positive electrode (anode) attracts

A

anions
(negative charges attracted to the positive terminal). It is known as the anode. The negatively-charged anions lose electrons here and are oxidised.

58
Q

what is produced in electrolysis of molten solutions

A

elements of the analyte

59
Q

what is produced in electrolysis of aqueous solutions

A

an aqueous salt solution and a mixture of gases as the final product

60
Q

what happens at the cathode in molten electrlysis

A

cations gain electrons (reduction)

61
Q

what happens at the anode in aqueous electrolysis

A

anions lose electrons (oxidation)

62
Q

in electrolysis, the metal will be produec if

A

it is less reactive than hydrogen.
Hydrogen will be produced if the metal is more reactive than it.

63
Q

what is electroplating

A

a clever way of using the prinicples of electrolysis to coat the surface of one metal with another metal.

64
Q

FSH

A

tells the ovaries to prepare an egg for ovulation.

65
Q

oestrogen

A

repairs and thickens the uterus lining

66
Q

LH

A

causes the egg to be released

67
Q

progesterone

A

mantains the lining of the uterus

68
Q

hormonal contraception

A

Oral contraceptive pills
Injections
Implants
Skin patches
Hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs)

69
Q

non hormonal contraception

A

Barrier methods such as condoms or diaphragms
Non-hormonal IUDs
Spermicidal agents
Surgical sterilisation
Abstaining from sexual intercourse

70
Q

amylase

A

Breaks down starch (carbohydrate) into simple sugars. Produced by the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine

71
Q

protease

A

Breaks down proteins into amino acids. Produced by the stomach, the pancreas and the small intestine

72
Q

lipase

A

Breaks down fats (lipids) into glycerol and fatty acids. Produced by the pancreas and the small intestine

73
Q

food pathway

A

mouth –> oesophagus –> stomach –> small intestine –> large intestine –> rectum –> anus

74
Q

gall bladder

A

stores bileand releases it when needed

75
Q

pancreas

A

Produces a whole host of enzymes (amylase, protease and lipase) that help digestion. Its secretions also help neutralise stomach acid

76
Q

small intestine

A

Absorption of digested nutrients. Also produces amylase, protease and lipase.

77
Q

large intestine

A

Absorption of water from undigested food

78
Q

rectum

A

storage of faeces

79
Q

liver

A

Produces bile, which neutralises stomach acid (so it doesn’t burn a hole in your small intestine) and helps break up fat globules into smaller globules (emulsification)

80
Q

stomach

A

Stores food to slow down its progression along the digestive system. Breaks food up by muscular contractions. Partial digestion of proteins by the enzyme pepsin (a protease). Produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and allow pepsin to work.

81
Q

aquous copper sulfate electrolysis half equation at the cathode

A

Cu2+ + 2e– ⟶ Cu Reduction

82
Q

aquous copper sulfate electrolysis half equation at the anode

A

2H2O – 4e– ⟶ O2 + 4H+ Oxidation

or

2H2O ⟶ O2 + 4H+ + 4e–

83
Q

functional enzymes are

A

present at all times in the circulation and perform a
physiologic function in the blood , examples of these functional enzymes
include lipoprotein lipase , pseudocholinestrase and enzymes of blood
coagulation .
These enzymes are synthesized and secreted by the liver .

84
Q

non functional enzymes are

A

plasma also contains numerous other enzymes
that perform unknown physiologic function in blood . These non
functional plasma enzymes arise from the routine normal destruction of
erythrocytes , leukocytes , and other cells . Tissue damage or necrosis
resulting from injury or disease is generally accompanied by increasing in
the levels of several non functional plasma enzymes . Therefore several
enzymes are used in the diagnosis .

85
Q

out of visible light, which has the highest and lowest wavelength

A

purple has the shortest
red has the longest

86
Q

do EM waves perform ultrasound

A

no

87
Q

is infrared ionizing

A

no

88
Q

which qualities are the same for resistors in series

A

resistance
voltage
current
power

89
Q

if two benzenes were fused, what would the ratio of carbons to hydrogens be

A

the hydrogens should always be lower because one is lost at everyjunction
eg c12H10

90
Q

what does repeating results do

A

increase reliability NOT accuracy

91
Q

what does insulin do

A

lower blood glucose concentration

92
Q

when blood glucose is low,

A

less amounts of insulin is produced and more glucagon is

93
Q

what produces insulin

A

the islets of langerhans in the pancreas in the beta cells

94
Q

A therapeutic gene added to a gamete cell will be found

A

in every cell in the body of a person developing from that gamete

95
Q

unit of voltage

A

watt per amp (power/current)

96
Q

what type of transmores are used ot decrease the voltage from transmission cables

A

step down

97
Q

what do step down transformers do

A

decrease voltage for safer distribution

98
Q

do high currents or low curretns waste more energy

A

high.

99
Q

do high voltages or low voltages waste more energy

A

low

100
Q

why are higher coltages used in transmission cables

A

to decrease energy loss from them in the form of heat, as this lowers the current.

101
Q

how many cells does mitorsis produce

A

2

102
Q

how many cells does meiosis produce

A

4

103
Q

filament bulbs have increased resistance as

A

temperature rises

104
Q

are LDR’s ohmic

A

no as the current and PD are not necessarily proportional

105
Q

when do the resistanzce of LDRs increase

A

in dark conditions

106
Q

where does haemolysis take place

A

spleen

107
Q

in series, the total resistance is

A

equal to the sum of each resistor

108
Q

The voltage across resistors in a series circuit is

A

proportional to the resistance of each resistor,

109
Q

Why do the overhead transition cables in the National Grid have very high voltages?

A

Lower current and lower resistance mean in turn less energy is lost to the surroundings.

BMAT (4 decks)

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