Hard engineering

Question 1

Groynes (MAPPLETON) description

Answer 1

wooden barriers constructed at right angles to the beach to trap sediment deposited by longshore drift . encourage a wider beach which helps absorb wave energy-reducing rate of cliff erosion

Question 2

Groynes advantages

Answer 2

cheap, don’t affect access to the beach

Question 3

Groynes disadvantages

Answer 3

beaches to the south of groynes are starved of sediment=more erosion

Question 4

groynes cost

Answer 4

£7000 each

Question 5

sea walls (HORNSEA) description

Answer 5

usually built along the front of cliffs, often to protect settlement. often recurved so waves are reflected back on themselves. can cause erosion of material at the base of the sea wall

Question 6

sea wall advantages

Answer 6

excellent defence where wave energy is high, reassures the public, long life-span

Question 7

sea wall disadvantages

Answer 7

expensive, can affect beach access, recurved sea walls can affect erosion of beach material

Question 8

sea wall cost

Answer 8

£3000/4000 per metre

Question 9

rock armour (HORNSEA) description

Answer 9

large boulders placed at base of cliffs to absorb wave energy

Question 10

rock armour advantages

Answer 10

cheap and efficient

Question 11

rock armour disadvantages

Answer 11

unattractive, dangerous access to beaches, cost increases when rock is imported

Question 12

rock armour cost

Answer 12

£3000/m