Hap

Question 1

Risk factors for increased mortality:

Answer 1

S

Question 2

Risk factor for MDR Pseudomonas, other gram-negative bacilli, and MRSA:

Answer 2

L

Question 3

Risk factors for MDR Pseudomonas and other gram-negative bacilli:

Answer 3

L

Question 4

Risk factor for MRSA

Answer 4

D

Question 5

Ventilatory support for HAP

Answer 5

F

Question 6

Septic shock

Answer 6

E

Question 7

IV antibiotics within the past 90 days

Answer 7

R

Question 8

Structural lung disease (bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis)

Answer 8

D

Question 9

A respiratory specimen Gram stain with numerous and predominant gram-
negative bacilli

Answer 9

R

Question 10

Colonization with OR prior isolation of MDR Pseudomonas or other gram-negative

Answer 10

D

Question 11

Risk factors for MRSA:

Answer 11

R

Question 12

Treatment in a unit in which >20 percent of S. aureus isolates associated with HAP
are methicillin resistant

Answer 12

R

Question 13

Treatment in a unit in which the prevalence of MRSA is not known

Answer 13

R

Question 14

Colonization with OR prior isolation of MRSA

Answer 14

G

Question 15

No MDR risk factors or increased risk of mortality—

Answer 15

D

Question 16

Risk factors for MDR gram-negative bacilli and MRSA or for increased mortality

Answer 16

D

Question 17

should receive one agent that has activity against Pseudomonas and MSSA.

Answer 17

D

Question 18

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Answer 18

R

Question 19

Cefepime

Answer 19

R

Question 20

Levofloxacin

Answer 20

R

Question 21

imipenem and meropenem as options,

Answer 21

R

Question 22

two agents with activity against P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacilli and one agent with activity against MRSA.

Answer 22

E

Question 23

Amikacin

Answer 23

D

Question 24

Gentamicin

Answer 24

D

Question 25

Tobramycin

Answer 25

R

Question 26

have poor lung penetration, increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, and poorer clinical response rates compared with other antibiotic classes,

Answer 26

R

Question 27

are not recommended as monotherapy for gram-negative infections

Answer 27

D

Question 28

Linezolid

Answer 28

D

Question 29

Vancomycin

Answer 29

D

Question 30

Tedizolid

Answer 30

R

Question 31

Telavancin

Answer 31

F

Question 32

receive two agents with activity against P. aeruginosa; the regimen should also have activity against MSSA.

Answer 32

D

Question 33

receive one agent with activity against P. aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacilli and one agent with activity against MRSA.

Answer 33

K

Question 34

because they are more likely to have activity against gram-negative bacilli
than the fluoroquinolones or aztreonam.

Answer 34

O

Question 35

DURATION

Answer 35

K

Question 36

for seven days,

Answer 36

K

Question 37

Other potential toxicities of antibiotics used for HAP and VAP include the following:

Answer 37

K

Question 38

cannot be used to treat pneumonia because it is inactivated by surfactant and does not achieve adequate concentrations in the respiratory tract.

Answer 38

D

Question 39

It has been approved by the FDA for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) but not for CAP caused by MRSA, nor for HAP or VAP.

Answer 39

D

Question 40

Ceftaroline

Answer 40

D

Question 41

has been approved by the FDA for skin and skin structure infections and intra-abdominal infections caused by MRSA.

Answer 41

D

Question 42

has also been approved for CAP but not for CAP caused by MRSA or for HAP or VAP.

Answer 42

D

Question 43

Tigecycline

Answer 43

D

Question 44

Ceftobiprole

Answer 44

E

Question 45

It has not been approved by the FDA, but it has been approved in Europe and Canada for treatment of HAP and CAP but not VAP.

Answer 45

D