Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Dengue Fever, and Zika Virus

Question 1

Transmission of sin nombre virus (i.e., the cause of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome)

Answer 1

A zoonotic disease caused by the inhalation of virus from dried rodent urine, feces, or saliva

Question 2

Domestic, occupational, or recreational activities that increase the risk of Hantavirus infections

Answer 2

Common exposure results from cleaning out barns, sheds, or homes infested with the primary rodent host, the Deer Mouse.

Question 3

Prevention and control of Hantavirus infections

Answer 3

-Keep home clean to discourage rodents
-Seal potential rodent entryways
-If cleaning out barns and sheds, follow procedure for
ventilating and disinfecting prior to cleaning, wear
latex or vinyl gloves, launder clothing when finished,
double-bag waste for disposal.
-Those involved in large cleanups and develop a fever
or respiratory illness within 45 days should seek
medical attention immediately.
-There is no vaccine available

Question 4

Transmission of Dengue virus (i.e., the cause of Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)

Answer 4

RNA Flavivirus with 4 serotypes transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito (no cross-immunity).

Question 5

Reasons Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is spreading globally

Answer 5

Population movement, commerce, travel, climate change.

Question 6

Expected impact of global climate change on incidence of mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., Dengue Fever and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever)

Answer 6

Global climate change expected to result in vector movement into northern latitudes

Question 7

Prevention and control Dengue virus infection

Answer 7

-community-based mosquito control, education,
improved public health infrastructure.
-No effective immunization available.

Question 8

Breeding places of Dengue virus-carrying mosquitoes

Answer 8

Any containers that can hold water

Question 9

Transmission of Zika virus (i.e., the cause of Zika Virus Disease)

Answer 9

Transmitted by Aedes species of mosquito.

Question 10

Relationship of Zika virus infection to microcephaly in offspring

Answer 10

The fetuses of infected pregnant women are at greatest risk of neurological birth defects, such as microcephaly (small head, poorly developed brain).

Question 11

Strategies that can be implemented to help control mosquitoes outside your home

Answer 11

-Once a week, empty and scrub, turn over, cover, or
throw out items that hold water.
-Tightly cover water storage containers.
-Use larvicides to kill young mosquitoes in containers
of water that cannot be emptied and will not be used
for drinking.
-If you have a septic tank, repair cracks or gaps.

Question 12

Strategies that can be implemented to help control mosquitoes inside your home

Answer 12

-Use window and door screens.
-Use air conditioning when possible.
-Once a week, empty, scrub, turn over, or throw out
items that hold water.
-If you have mosquitoes inside your home, use an
indoor insect fogger or indoor insect spray.
-When using insecticides, always follow label
directions.

Question 13

Wearing insect repellent

Answer 13

-Use Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-registered
insect repellents.
-Use a repellent with DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of
lemon eucalyptus or para-menthane-diol, or 2-
undecanone.
-Always follow the product label instructions.
-Do not spray repellent on the skin under clothing.
-If also using sunscreen, apply sunscreen before
applying insect repellent.
-Do not use insect repellent on babies younger than 2
months old