hanggang paper bill Flashcards
is a succession of connected, uniform strokes working in full coordination, pressure is always in state of change moving from light to heavy or from heavy light.
Rhythm
Characterized by a succession of awkward, independent poorly directed and disconnected motions.
Lack of Rhythm
Words are formed by connection letters to one another, even letters are formed by the joining of the upward and downward strokes.
Letter of Connections
a rounded stroke shaped like an arch, it is a slow mode of connection resulting from controlled movements
Arcade
Links the downward stroke to the upstrokes with a flowing curve swinging from left to right.
Garland
- When the downward strokes and upward strokes meet directly/angular connection is formed.
Angular connective form
- the joining of downward and upward strokes is slurred to a threadlike tracing or where rounded furns used at both top and bottom produce a double curved.
The threadike connective form
- part of basic writing system or which are modification of the system of writing found among large group of writes that have only slight identfication value.
General (Class) Characteristics
- they are characteristics which are result of the writer’s muscular control, coordination, age, health, and nervous temperament, frequency of writing, personality, and character.
Individual Characteristics
this is characterized by too much freedom of movement and lack of regulation. This is noticed especially in tall letters forms.
Loose Writing
- there is lack of freedom and inhibited movements. It gives you the impression that every stroke was made with great difficulty.
Restrained writing
It is the name of a person written by him/her in a document as a sign of acknowledgement or it is a name or a mark that a person puts at the end of a document to attest that he/she is its author or that he/she falifies its contents. Signed name, signing of name, distinctive characteristic.
SIGNATURE
Historically, many who could not write signed with a cross mark or crude
X this authenticating mark still used today by illiterates, and if properly witnessed, it can be legally stand for a signature. Ballot marks are also referred to as cross marks because of the common practice of marking with an X.
Cross Mark
- Is not simply a signature - it is a signature, signed at a particular will time and place, under particular conditions, while the signer was at particular age, testament in a particular and mental condition, using particular implements, and with particular reason and purpose for recording his name.
Evidential Signature
A forge signature. It involves the writing of a name as a signature by someone other than the person himself, without his permission, often with some degree of imitation.
Fraudulent Signature
A fraudulent that was executed purely by simulation rather than by tracing the outline of a genuine signature.
Freehand Signature
A signature that is executed while the writer’s hand or arm is steadied in any way. Under the law of most jurisdictions such as a signature authenticates a legal document provided it is shown that the writer requested the assistance. It is the most commonly written during serious illness or on a deathbed.
Guided Signature
Synonymous with freehand forgery.
Imitated Signature
A genuine signature that has been used to prepare an imitated or traced forgery.
Model Signature
The act of setting two or more signature in an inverted position fo weigh their identifying significances, which reason being that those we fail to see under normal comparison may readily be seen under this theory.
Theory of Comparison
complete correct signature for an important document such as will
FORMAL (a.k.a. CONVENTIONAL or COPYBOOK FORM)
usually for routine documents and personal correspondence.
1. Personalized
2. Semi-personalized
INFORMAL (CURSORY)
for the mail carrier , delivery boy or the autograph collector.
CARELESS SCRIBBLE
is, strictly speaking, a legal term which involves not only a non-genuine document but also and intent to fraud. However, it is also used synonymously with fraudulent signature or spurious document.
Forgery
- executed purely by simulation rather by tracing the outline of a genuine signature can be referred as freehand imitation or simulated forgery or it refers to the free-hand drawing in imitation of model signature:
SIMULATED OR FREEHAND IMITATION FORGERY
it is type of Simulated with the Model Before The Forger
- forger works directly with ink.
Direct Technique
it is type of Simulated with the Model Before The Forger
-forger works first with the pencil and afterwards covers the pencil strokes with ink
Indirect Technique
used by forgers who have a certain skill in writing. After some practice, the forger tries to write a copy of the model quickly.
Simulated Free Hand Forgery (Technique)
it is type of TRACED FORGERY (TRACED SIGNATURE)
- tracing is made by fransmitted light.
Direct Tracing
- forger uses a carbon paper and place documents on which he will trace the forges signature under the document bearing the model signature with a carbon paper between the two.
Indirect Tracing
The types of Traced Signature are:
1 CARBON PROCESS
2 INDENTATION PROCESS
3 TRANSMITTED UGHT PROCESS
Forger does not try to copy a model but wiles something resembling what we ordinarily call a signature. For this, he uses a false (spurous) nome make a rapid stroke. Disturbing his Unusual writing by adopting a camouflage colled disguise.
SPURIOUS SIGNATURE (SIMPLE FORGERY)
- It is the crime of making, circulating or uttering false coins and banknotes. literally, it means to make a copy of or imitate; to make a spurious semblance of, as money or stamps, with the intent to deceive or defraud. a something made to imitate the real thing used for gain.
COUNTERFEMING
- The act/process of making the content/s of a document not the intended content.
FALSIFICATION
- The act of falsely making or materially altering, with intent to defraud, any writing which if genuine, might be of legal efficacy or the foundation of a legal liability.
FORGERY
MAKING OF PAPER MONEY
A. ENGRAVING
B. LETTERPRESS PRINTING
C. OFFSET PRINTING
Shadow image of the portrait with the highlighted denominational value that is particularty seen against the light from either side of the blank space on the note.
WATERMARK
Embedded thread the runs vertically across the width of 20 and 50 peso notes
when viewed ogainst the light, Also, the stitch-like metallic thread on the 100, 200, 500 and 1000 peso noles which changes color from red to green and bears the cleartext of “BSP” and the denomingtional volue on the obverse and “BSP” on the reverse, both in repeated series.
METTALIC THREAD
5-mm vertical band on either side of the note when viewed against the light. The denominational value and “BSP” text appear in repeated series.
SHADOW THREAD
what is the COLORED FIBERS OR SECURITY FIBERS Visible _____ and _____ fibers embedded on the paper and randomly scattered on the face and back of the note.
red , blue
These fibers are scattered on the surface of the paper (front & back) at random & can be readily picked off by means of any pointed instrument.
COLORED FIBERS
The geometric pattem which looks like a delicate lacework along the border on both surfaces, embellishing the portraits, value panel & vignettes are multicolored & composed of harp lines which are continuous & traceable even at the joints.
LACEWORK DESIGN
Alphanumeric characters at the lower left and upper right corners of the note bearing one or two prefix letters and six to seven digits, with font increasing in size and thickness.
ASYMMETRIC SERIAL NUMBERS
The lines & dots composing the vignettes are _____, ________ & ______.
fine, distinct & sharp
The varying color tone gives a bold look to the picture that makes it stands out of the paper.
VIGNETTE
The registry of the different printed features is perfect. The lines are very clear & sharp. There are no Burrs clinging to the sides.
CLEARNESS OF PRINT
The pre-Hispanic script (Baybayin) at the lower right comer of the face of the note slightly above the value panel. This is seen in complete form only when the note is viewed against the light. This script means “PILIPINO.
SEE-THROUGH MARK
The denominational value superimposed at the smaller version portrait at the upper left portion of the note. This becomes clearly visible when the note is rotated 45 degrees and sightty tilled.
CONCEALED VALUE
Found only in 500- and 1000-piso notes, this patch is a reflective foil, bearing the imoge of the Blue-naped parrot for 500-piso/clam with South Sea pearl for 1000-piso, changes color from red to green when the note is rotated 90 degrees.
OPTICALLY VARIABLE DEVICE (OVD) PATCH
The five highly embossed dots intended to assist the elderly and the visually impaired.
TACTILE DOTS/MARKS
in SAMPAGUITA CLEAR WINDOW
LOOK: through the small transparent window depicting the________________
(Jasminum samboc) and:
FeEL: the transparent embossed ine sfructures with the text “_____” within the flower.
Sampaguita flower
BSP
Large transparent vertical window containing multiple security features.
VERTICAL CLEAR WINDOW
Wavy lines on the front face of the note move when it is tilted back and forth.
Dynamic Waves
Both show moving verticaline effects when the note is tilted back and forth.
Republic of the Philippines (RP Seal and Mirrored Denomination
it is made by a person in lieu of an actual signature. Due to illiteracy or disability, a person may be unable to append a full signature in name to a document as an attestation that its content has been reviewed and approved. In order to be legally valid, this signature must be witnessed.
X-mark signature
The court may require ____________witness for an X• mark signature to be valid. An X-mark signature may need to be__________, too, for the document to be enforceable.
more than one
notarized
Types of Guided Signature
- INERT HAND
- GUIDED-HAND
- FORCED HAND
- ASSISTED-HAND
refers to completely involuntary; incapability of motor activity and signatory may be conscious or even unconscious.
INERT HAND
One in which the person providing the portion of control. (partial incapacitation)
GUIDED-HAND
The signatory is forced to write against his will, by threats, constraints and the like.
FORCED HAND
One in which the person assisting (co-adjutant) provides help to a lesser degree, perhaps only to the point of steadying a tremulous arm or hand without actually directing the movement of the writing instrument.
ASSISTED-HAND
in handwriting it is based on the idea that no two skilled writers have the same handwriting features, and that each person’s writing has a natural range of variation.
theory of comparison
is the handwritten signature of a famous or notable person. It is sought after and valued for its connection to that individual.
autograph
can be found on items like manuscripts, photographs, books, posters, and other memorabilia. They are a form of personal validation and can hold sentimental value for fans and collectors.
Autograph
Signatures created without the direct use of the human hand, such as those made with rubber stamps, writing machines, or auto-pens.
Mechanical signatures
A stamped image of a genuine signature or model.
is a signature that is reproduced by a rubber stamp that replicates a handwritten signature. Facsimile signatures can also be created using digital tools.
Stamped facsimile
A new generation of fraudulent alteration or counterfeiling emerged when computerized color laser copiers became available. These copiers are capable of high-resolution copying, moditication of documents, and even the creation of false documents without benefit of an original, and they produce documents whose quality Is indistinguishable from that of authentic documents except by expert.
FORGERY BY COMPUTER SCANNING
Article 163 Making and importing and uttering false coins. - Any person who makes, imports, or utters false coins, in connivance with counterfeiters, or importers, shall suffer:
- Prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not to exceed four hundred thousand pesos (P400,000), if the counterfeited coins be any ________________________
of the coinage of the Philippines.
Prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed Two hundred thousand pesos (P200,000), if the counterfeited coin be currency of a _________________
foreign country
• An Act to Amend Article One Hundred Sixty-Three of the Revised Penal Code
• Approved on June 19, 1965
REPUBLIC ACT No. 4202
Prision mayor in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not to exceed 10,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be _______ of the Philippines or coin of the Central Bank of the Philippines of ten-centavo denomination or above.
silver coin
Prision correccional in its minimum and medium periods and a fine not to exceed 2,000 pesos if the counterfeited coins be any of the______________ of the Philippines or of the Central Bank of the Philippines below ten-centavo denomination.
minor coinage
- Prision correccional in its minimum period and a fine not to exceed 1,000 pesos, if the counterfeited coin be currency of a__________
foreign country
it is the making of a false document with the intent that it should be used or acted upon as if it’s genuine.
Forgery
the ____________ document includes altering a genuine document in any material part.
Falsification
Under the Revised Penal Code (RPC), forgery and falsification of documents are ______________
criminal offenses
This encompasses acts such as falsifying signatures, currency notes, bonds, and other similar instruments.
Forgery (Art. 169-172, RPC)
This covers acts like falsifying public, official, or commercial documents by alteration, translation, or any other means to injure a third party or to benefit oneself or another.
Falsification (Art. 171 & 172, RPC)
To commence legal proceedings, the plaintiff can file a complaint to either the________________. After a thorough assessment of the complaint, it may be transferred to the ______________for a preliminary investigation.
- police or the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
- prosecutor’s office
Engraving in the context of currency involves the use of specialized engraving tools and techniques to __________the fine lines, portraits, symbols, and other security features onto printing plates.
carve or etch
The____________ of money bills is a crucial step in currency production to ensure both aesthetic quality and security features that are difficult to replicate, helping to prevent counterfeiting.
engraving
refers to the inclusion of alphanumeric characters, such as letters and numbers, on currency notes or bills.
LETTER PRINTING
Involves the transfer of ink from a plate to a rubber blanket and then onto the printing surface.
This method is known for its high-quality and efficient reproduction of detailed designs, making it suitable for the intricate and sophisticated patterns found on cUrrency.
OFFSET PRINTING
Durable paper made principally of 80%________ and ____ abaca in support of Filipino abaca farmers.
- cotton
- 20%
In April 2022, the BSP began the circulation of the new and improved 1000-Piso _______________.
Polymer Banknotes
The raised ink that is rough to touch.
EMBOSSED PRINTS (REVERSE)
• 20 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design?
Cordilleras
• 20 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder?
Banaue Rice Terraces (UNESCO World Heritage Site)
• 20 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
Palm Civet
• 20 PESOS BILL
Portrait
Heroes noted for their struggle for independence
Manuel L. Quezon
• 50 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design
Batangas
• 50 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder
Taal lake
• 50 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
Maliputo
• 50 PESOS BILL
Portrait
Heroes noted for their struggle for independence
Sergio Osmeña
• 100 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design
Bicol
• 100 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder
Mayon Volcano
• 100 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
Whale Shark
• 100 PESOS BILL
Portrait
Heroes noted for their struggle for independence
Manuel A. Roxas
• 200 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design
Bohol
• 200 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder
Bohol Chocolate Hills
• 200 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
Philippine Tarsier
• 200 PESOS BILL
Portrait
Heroes recognized for leading the reconstruction of the nation after World War II
Diosdado P. Macapagal
• 500 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design
Southern Philippines
• 500 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder
Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park
• 500 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
Blue-naped Parrot
• 500 PESOS BILL
Portrait
Modern-day heroes as champions of democracy
Benigno S. Aguino, Sr. & Corazon Aquino
• 1000 PESOS BILL
Originating Region of Lacework Design
Mindanao
• 1000 PESOS BILL
Natural Wonder
TUBATTAHA REEFS NATURAL PARK
• 1000 PESOS BILL
Symbols of Nature
South Sea Pearl
• 1000 PESOS BILL
Portrait
World War II heroes who exemplified martyrdom, selflessness and bravery for the sake of the Filipino people and the country
JOSEFA LANES ESCODA, Brigadier General VICENTE P. LIM Chief Justice JOSE ABAD SANTOS
