Handout 7 - Population and Migration Test 2

Question 1

What is arithmetic density?

Answer 1

the number of people per unit of area

Question 2

What is physiological density?

Answer 2

the density of people per unit of cropland

Question 3

Is there a correlation between population density and national welfare?

Answer 3

Not any more - much of the world economy no longer relies on farming, land is less important that the productivity. Political and economic considerations are central

Question 4

What is carrying capacity?

Answer 4

The number of individuals of a given species that an area’s resource can sustain indefinitely without significantly depleting or degrading those resources.

Question 5

What is crude birth rate?

Answer 5

the annual number of live births per 1,000 people

Question 6

what is crude death rate?

Answer 6

the annual number of death per 1,000 people

Question 7

What is total fertility rate (TFR)?

Answer 7

measures the fertility of an average group of women moving through their childbearing years.

Question 8

What is rate of natural increase/decrease?

Answer 8

the difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate

Question 9

what is net migration rate?

Answer 9

Immigration - (minus) Emigration

Question 10

What is life expectancy?

Answer 10

the average number of years that a newborn baby within a given population can expect to live

Question 11

What is immigration?

Answer 11

when people move to a place from somewhere else.

Question 12

What is emigration?

Answer 12

departure, of persons from one place

Question 13

What is net migration rate?

Answer 13

measure of the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants in a country or an area.

Question 14

What is demographic equation?

Answer 14

equation which helps determine the change in population over a period of time.

Question 15

What is demographic transition?

Answer 15

defines a pattern of growth that exhibits four distinct stages

Question 16

What is population pyramid?

Answer 16

examples of a graphic device, which shows the age and sex structure of a country’s population

Question 17

What is the process of going through a demographic transition as a country progressively industrailizes? (how population changed over time)

Answer 17

The demographic transition model defines a pattern of growth that exhibits four distinct stages

STAGE ONE, both the crude birth rate and the crude death rate are high, so the population does not increase rapidly.

STAGE TWO - As nutrition improves and medical science advances (which is usually, at first, simply an understanding of hygiene), crude death rates drop dramatically. The infant mortality rate, which is the number of infants per thousand who die before reaching 1 year of age, falls almost immediately. Another factor historically lowering death rates is the improvement in the quantity and quality of food that resulted from the Agricultural Revolution. CRUDE BIRTH RATES REMAIN HIGH, DEATH RATES REDUCE, so RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE IS HIGH.

STAGE THREE - Eventually, crude birth rates begin to fall, marking the start of stage three. Children came to be seen as expenses rather than as economic assets, and many parents began to have fewer children so that they could provide a higher material standard of living for themselves and the children they did have. BIRTH RATES REMAINS HIGHER THEN DEATH RATES BUT BOTH ARE DROPPING. RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE IS POSITIVE BUT SLOWING DURING THIS STAGE

STAGE FOUR - In stage four, death rates and birth rates converge at a low and relatively constant level, approximately 12 per 1,000. Population sizes stabilize as population momentum dissipates and TFRs hover at or below replacement level. Most of the wealthy, industrialized countries in the world today are nearing or in stage four of the demographic transition.

Question 18

What is the distribution of the population around the world?

Answer 18

major concentrations in East Asia, south Asia, Western Europe, West Africa.

Question 19

What are the limitations of the concepts of arithmetic and physiological density for understanding the relationship between populations, territory, and well-being.

Answer 19

It assumes that the population is evenly distributed but populations tend to cluster.

It treats all land equally. Some areas may be unsuitable.

It doesn’t account for urbanization.

Can be misleading.

Ignores nonarable areas such as deserts mountains and lakes. These regions may still support human activities but not factored into the density

Assumes all farmland is equally productive.

Doesn’t consider Food imports

Question 20

Understand how to read a population pyramid.

Answer 20

shows the age and sex structure of a country’s population. (review images on page 218 of text book for examples)

The pyramid for Uganda (a)shows a broad base—indicating many children—tapering to a narrow top of fewer older people. Birth rates are high, but life expectancies are limited. This pyramid is typical of countries with high fertility rates. The pyramid for Germany, by contrast (b), shrinks at the base, indicating abirth rate that has been falling steadily since about 1970. Life expectancy is long. Germany’s relative lack of elderly men is the continuing evidence of losses in World War II (1939–1945). The population pyramid of the United States (c) shows a bulge of people between 45 and 65 years of age—the “baby boom” of 1945–1965. Below this group, the figure shrinks to reveal the “baby bust,” or Generation X, followed by a rise in births due to “boomers” reaching their childbearing years, a phenomenon called the “echo of the baby boom.”

Question 21

What are correlations between demographic indicators.

Answer 21

connection between fertility rate, urban population and life expectancy.

Question 22

What does the demographic transition model show?

Answer 22

defines a pattern of growth that exhibits four distinct stages