Handout 2 Flashcards
What happens in a spontaneous process?
Entropy of surroundings increases
Are spontaneous processes reversible or irreversible?
Irreversible
What is entropy?
degree of disorder
What are the types of motion that molecules can exhibit?
Translational, vibrational, rotational
What is the definition of temperature?
Measure of average kinetic energy of molecules in a sample
What do state and micro state refer to?
State takes into account the occupation of all energy levels in a system.
Microstate refers to configuration of distinguishable particles within a given state.
What is the general microstate occupation equation?
w=N!/no!n1!n2!n3!…nj! where N= number of atoms and subscript numbers refer to different the energy states.
What is Boltzmann statistical definition?
S=kBlnW. It is only a HYPOTHESIS.
What is Boltzman constant and units?
1.38 x 10-23 JK-1
What happens to entropy for an irreversible and a reversible process?
Constant for reversible, i.e equilibrium
Increases for irreversible
What is the equation for temperature dependent entropy?
delta S= integral (T2,T1)Cp/TdT=CplnT2/T1
which can then go into long expansion
delta S=delta S(298K)+delta Cpln(T2/298)
What is third law of thermodynamics?
entropy of a perfect crystal at 0K is 0
What is the equation for a phase transition?
delta S= delta H/T
What is entropy of a reversible isothermal expansion?
delta S= nRln(V2/V1)
How is delta S related to heat flow?
=qrev/T
