Handout #1 - The Big Three Flashcards
What are the big three?
Malaria, TB and HIV
Why are malaria, TB and HIV “the big 3”?
10% of global mortality is due to these 3 illness, they interact with each other, the interact with socioeconomic factors, these are the “3 big diseases of the poor,” they cost a huge amount of money, and we don’t develop natural immunity to them.
Do we develop natural immunity to malaria, TB or HIV?
No.
How much does malaria cost in prevention and treatment a year?
2 billion
What is a major factor in the reemergence of TB?
HIV
Does the Africa region or the Americas region have more DALYs due to malaria, HIV and TB?
The African Region
What disease is #1 in terms of DALYs in the African Region?
HIV
Some medical practitioners identify viruses as the most significant threat to human health both globally and within individual countries, why?
Viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality.
Why are demographic and health data frequently inaccurate?
Due to significant problems in infrastructure. The data points are not being included because people don’t have tools to measure.
What was the HIV incidence for 2009?
2.3 to 2.8 million
What percent of Canadians are living with HIV and unaware of their HIV status?
25%
What population in Canada is most vulnerable to lacking knowledge of their HIV status?
First Nations people
What population group is at the largest risk for HIV?
MSM
What population group is at the second largest risk for HIV?
Injection drug users
What is the ratio of men:women infected with HIV in Canada?
Approx. 3:1
What factors increase risk of HIV for women?
Sexual abuse, early coercive sex, on going coercive sexual experiences, sexual violence, and the capacity to negotiate safe sex.
In 2013 what percent of all reported HIV cases were in the MSM group?
49%
Before 2013, what percent of all reported HIV cases were in the MSM group?
80%
What provinces have the highest HIV diagnosis rates?
Saskatchewan and and Manitoba.
Why does Vancouver have 5 to 6 times the national prevalence rate of HIV?
The homeless population in the downtown Eastside.
What are some of the more specific risk factors and barriers for HIV infection in Canada?
Extensive stigma and discrimination, safe sex burn out.
What percent of global mortality due to AIDS is in Africa?
72%
Risk factors are causing high rates of HIV infections in Homa Bay and similar regions?
Gender issues, women turn to the sex trade when they don’t have other options. Fishing requires men to be away from their families and wives, increasing the likelihood of cheating. Wife-inheritance, means that if a husband dies of AIDs, the wife will give it to his brother.
What country has the 4th highest HIV prevalence in the world?
Kenya
What are some specific risk barriers for those affected by HIV in Kenya?
Anti-condom attitudes, high rates of HIV in STWs. Women less likely to gain employment, less likely to be educated, and less likely to access medical care. High levels of spousal violence. Extreme prejudice against homosexuals.
