Handout #1 - The Big Three

Question 1

What are the big three?

Answer 1

Malaria, TB and HIV

Question 2

Why are malaria, TB and HIV “the big 3”?

Answer 2

10% of global mortality is due to these 3 illness, they interact with each other, the interact with socioeconomic factors, these are the “3 big diseases of the poor,” they cost a huge amount of money, and we don’t develop natural immunity to them.

Question 3

Do we develop natural immunity to malaria, TB or HIV?

Answer 3

No.

Question 4

How much does malaria cost in prevention and treatment a year?

Answer 4

2 billion

Question 5

What is a major factor in the reemergence of TB?

Answer 5

HIV

Question 6

Does the Africa region or the Americas region have more DALYs due to malaria, HIV and TB?

Answer 6

The African Region

Question 7

What disease is #1 in terms of DALYs in the African Region?

Answer 7

HIV

Question 8

Some medical practitioners identify viruses as the most significant threat to human health both globally and within individual countries, why?

Answer 8

Viruses are major contributors to morbidity and mortality.

Question 9

Why are demographic and health data frequently inaccurate?

Answer 9

Due to significant problems in infrastructure. The data points are not being included because people don’t have tools to measure.

Question 10

What was the HIV incidence for 2009?

Answer 10

2.3 to 2.8 million

Question 11

What percent of Canadians are living with HIV and unaware of their HIV status?

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

What population in Canada is most vulnerable to lacking knowledge of their HIV status?

Answer 12

First Nations people

Question 13

What population group is at the largest risk for HIV?

Answer 13

MSM

Question 14

What population group is at the second largest risk for HIV?

Answer 14

Injection drug users

Question 15

What is the ratio of men:women infected with HIV in Canada?

Answer 15

Approx. 3:1

Question 16

What factors increase risk of HIV for women?

Answer 16

Sexual abuse, early coercive sex, on going coercive sexual experiences, sexual violence, and the capacity to negotiate safe sex.

Question 17

In 2013 what percent of all reported HIV cases were in the MSM group?

Answer 17

49%

Question 18

Before 2013, what percent of all reported HIV cases were in the MSM group?

Answer 18

80%

Question 19

What provinces have the highest HIV diagnosis rates?

Answer 19

Saskatchewan and and Manitoba.

Question 20

Why does Vancouver have 5 to 6 times the national prevalence rate of HIV?

Answer 20

The homeless population in the downtown Eastside.

Question 21

What are some of the more specific risk factors and barriers for HIV infection in Canada?

Answer 21

Extensive stigma and discrimination, safe sex burn out.

Question 22

What percent of global mortality due to AIDS is in Africa?

Answer 22

72%

Question 23

Risk factors are causing high rates of HIV infections in Homa Bay and similar regions?

Answer 23

Gender issues, women turn to the sex trade when they don’t have other options. Fishing requires men to be away from their families and wives, increasing the likelihood of cheating. Wife-inheritance, means that if a husband dies of AIDs, the wife will give it to his brother.

Question 24

What country has the 4th highest HIV prevalence in the world?

Answer 24

Kenya

Question 25

What are some specific risk barriers for those affected by HIV in Kenya?

Answer 25

Anti-condom attitudes, high rates of HIV in STWs. Women less likely to gain employment, less likely to be educated, and less likely to access medical care. High levels of spousal violence. Extreme prejudice against homosexuals.