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Music Setworks > Handel - Messiah (And The Glory Of The Lord) > Flashcards

Handel - Messiah (And The Glory Of The Lord) Flashcards

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1
Q

How many voices are in the piece?

A

4

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2
Q

What is the home key of the piece?

A

A major

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3
Q

When was this piece composed?

A

1741 (18th century)

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4
Q

When was this piece first performed?

A

13th April 1742

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5
Q

Where was this piece first performed?

A

Dublin

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6
Q

What style is this piece?

A

Baroque

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7
Q

What are some key features of baroque music?

A
  • use of ornamented melodic parts
  • major and minor keys
  • use of diatonic keys (of I, IV, V, II, VI)
  • Basso continuo
  • Different textures (mono, homo and poly phonic.)
  • Prevalence of one ‘affection’ (mood)
  • Terraced dynamics (contrasts of two levels)
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8
Q

What is the home key of this piece?

A

A major

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9
Q

What is the metre of this piece?

A

3/4

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10
Q

What is the tempo of this piece?

A

Allegro (fast) until the end where it becomes adagio (slow)

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11
Q

what does the tempo change create?

A

creates a stately and grand ending

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12
Q

What is the instrumentation of this piece?

A

Baroque orchestra

  • 1st and 2nd violins
  • violas
  • SATB choir
  • Double bass
  • Cello
  • Chamber organ
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13
Q

How many main motifs are there for the melody?

A

four

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14
Q

What is the main rhythm of the first 3 motifs?

A

mostly crotchets and quavers

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15
Q

what is the rhythm of the 4th motif like?

A

uses long (dotted minim) repeated notes

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16
Q

What is used towards the cadence point and what does this make the music feel like it’s in?

A

Hemiolas’

2/4 timing

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17
Q

what is used in the lyrics to match the rhythm?

A

Word painting

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18
Q

What two keys does the piece modulate too?

A 
E major (dominant)
B major (supertonic)
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19
Q

What are the majority of the cadences?

A

Perfect cadences

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20
Q

What is the ending cadence?

A

Plagal cadence

21
Q

What is completely diatonic? (only uses notes within the key)

A

The Harmony

22
Q

What textures contrast?

A

Homophonic and polyphonic

23
Q

What is the ending texture?

A

Homophonic

24
Q

What is used between parts?

A

Imitation

25
Q

What are the dynamics like at the end?

A

Loud

26
Q

What do the dynamics determine?

A

The number of parts playing at a time

27
Q

What is there a clear contrast between in dynamics?

A

Loud and soft

28
Q

What is used in the word setting?

A

Mixture of syllabic and melismatic word setting

29
Q

What are repeated many times?

A

The different phrases

30
Q

What is the mood/affection of this piece?

A

Joyful

the piece is celebrating, glorifying and praising God

31
Q

How is this mood reinforced?

A
  • The major tonality
  • The sprightly tempo
  • The 3/4 tempo
32
Q

Name two details of motif A

‘And the glory, the glory of the lord’

A
  • First sung by Altos
  • Dotted rhythm in bar 2
  • Word setting is completely syllabic
33
Q

Name two details of motif B

‘shall be re-veal-ed’

A
  • First sung by the Tenors
  • the word ‘revealed’ is a descending sequence’
  • Word setting is melismatic on the word ‘revealed’
34
Q

Name two details of motif C

‘And all flesh shall see it to-ge-ther’

A
  • First sung by the Altos
  • There is repetition used between ‘all flesh’, ‘shall see it’ and ‘together’
  • There are melismas’ in this motif
35
Q

Name two details of motif D

‘For the mouth of the lord hath spoken in’

A
  • First sung by the tenors and basses
  • There are only two notes used (A and B)
  • There are longer notes used, which are repeated
  • Word setting is completely syllabic
36
Q

what is messiah?

A

an oratorio

37
Q

how long did it take for Handel to write ‘Messiah’?

A

3 weeks

38
Q

When would this piece typically be performed?

A

Easter

but it is often performed at Christmas now too.

39
Q

what is the texture of this piece?

A

homorhythmic

40
Q

what does Handel do with the 4 man musical ideas?

A

Handel introduced each idea using one part and then weaves them into the rest of the music, often imitation and overlapping each other.

41
Q

what is most of the singing in this piece?

A

syllabic

42
Q

melisma’s are used in this piece. what is a melisma?

A

when a syllable is sung over several notes.

43
Q

there are some hemiolas used In this piece. what is a hemiola?

A

when music that is in triple time (3/4), temporarily sounds like it is in duple time (2/4) for 2 bars.

44
Q

where would a hemiola often be in baroque music?

A

at cadences

45
Q

name 3 techniques used in the melody vocal part in this piece.

A
  • Imitation
  • singing is syllabic
  • melisma
46
Q

what is the pitch like in this piece?

A

all parts keep to a moderate pitch range.

47
Q

what are the dynamics like in this piece?

A
  • hardly any marked dynamics
  • only p and f are used.
  • typical as baroque music rarely has crescendos or diminuendos marked.
48
Q

what are the chords in this piece and what speed to they change at?

A

diatonic (all belong to the key)

a fast harmonic rhythm (speed at which the chords change)

49
Q

what instruments play throughout?

A

the continuo players (cello, double bass and organ)

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