Hand and wrist

Question 1

What are the two rows of the carpal bones, how do they function?

Answer 1

Proximal row, is mobile and articulates with the distal radius at radiocarpal joint.
Distal row is immobile and articulates with the metacarpals at the carpo- metacarpal joint.

Question 2

What are the two main types of wrist movement?

Answer 2

• Flexion
  (65- 80deg)- extension(55- 75); (palmar flexion, dorsiflexion)
• Radial - ulnar deviation (abduction and adduction), radial deviation (15- 25) and ulnar deviation ( 30- 45)

Question 3

Name four key joints in the wrist

Answer 3

Distal radioulnar joint
Radial- carpal (Articulation of distal
radius on scaphoid
and lunate)
Midcarpal (flexion, extension)
Intercarpal joint (synovial joints)

Question 4

What stabilises the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 4

The triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC, BINDS THE RADIUS AND ULNA)

Question 5

what are the primary muscles that help wrist flexion and extension

Answer 5

• flexion: flexor carpi ulnarisis the most powerful.
• extension: extensor carpi radialis longus + brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris.

Question 6

Which ligaments provide stability to the wrist

Answer 6

Radial collateral ligament
Ulnar collateral ligament
Transverse carapl ligament

Question 7

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 7

Inflammation of the median nerve and/ or surrounding ligaments in the carpal tunnel. May be cut. It causes pain and numbness. The carpel tunnel houses nerves and tendons.

Question 8

Why is the scaphoid bone commonly fractured?

Answer 8

It absorbs large compressive forces and is vulnerable to fractures when fallingonto an outstreched hand.
The scaphoid is positioned to aborb impact, but has poor blood supply leading to slow healing.

Question 9

How many bones and joints are in the hand

Answer 9

19 bones, 14 joints, allowing dexterity and movement.

Question 10

Four main types of joints in the hand?

Answer 10

carpometacarpal- tumb opposition
Metacarpophalangeal- finger flexion+ abduction
Proximal interphalangeal- finger bending
distal interphalangeal- tip of finger movement

Question 11

Three hand arches, what are the main arches of the hand

Answer 11

proximal transverse arch: fixed, at distal carpus
Distal transverse arch: mobile, at metacarpal heads
Longitudinal arch: connects the two transverse arches.

Question 12

three main types of grip

Answer 12

Cylindrical- holding a bat or golf club
sperical- basketball
hook- folding a cup

Question 13

There are 8 bones in the wrist, divided into two layers. What is the function of each layer

Answer 13

Distal layer is immobile.
Proximal layer is mobile.
(relatively)

Question 14

The wrist has several articulations

Answer 14

Distal- radio- ulnar, radial carpal, midcarpal, intercarpal.

Question 15

Midcarpal joints are

Answer 15

Joints formed by the articulation of different carpal bones from different rows.

Question 16

Intercarpal joints are

Answer 16

Joints between the carpal bones with the SAME row

Question 17

Carpal tunnerl syndrome can be considered as an

Answer 17

injury, due to the compression of the wrist and is associated with extensive keyboard use.

Question 18

DIGIT RAY has several joints

Answer 18

Carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, proximal interphalangeal, distal interphalangeal.

Question 19

There are tree arches in the hand, called

Answer 19

Proximal and distal longitudinal arch and transverse arch.