Hand and Wrist Flashcards
how many bones are in the hand and wrist?
27 bones
what are the 3 divisions of the hand?
Phalanges x14, Metacarpals x5, and Carpal x8
which of the 3 division is considered to be a long bone?
Phalanges
how are phalanges numbered?
from lateral to medial (thumb is 1 - 5 is pinky)
what are the 3 rows of phalange division?
Proximal, middle, and distal
what is the distal end of the phalanx called?
ungual tuberosity, ungual tuft
the thumb does not have, which row of phalanx?
middle. only has distal and proximal
Each phalanx (proximal AND distal) has 3 parts, what are they?
Head, body, base
Metacarpal are also classified as ____ bone
long
first metacarpal is known to be shortest, _____ and st_____. It articulates with tra______ pro______ and has _ sesa_____ bones on the ante_____ side at the _____
widest, strongest, trapezium proximally, 2, sesamoid bones, anterior, head
second metacarpal is ______. articulates pro_____ with the tra_______
longest, proximally w/ trapezoid
third metacarpal bone articulates with ______
capitate , proximally
fourth metacarpal articulates with _____
hamate, proximally,
fifth metacarpal is the most frequently ______ (), articulates proximally with ______
fractured, (boxer’s fract), hamate
each metacarpal has three parts, head, shaft, and base, what does the head and base articulate with?
head of the metacarpal articulates with the phalanx it is numbered, and base articulates with the carpals
Carpal division is classified as ____ bones
short
how are the carpals arranged?
distal and proximal rows
how many bones are in each row?
4 (8)
what are the bones in the proximal row of the carpal division?
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform
what are the bones in the distal row of the carpal division?
Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Explain the features of Scaphoid (navicular)bone:
Shape, Size, position, articulation
boat shape, largest size, most lateral and proximal, articulates with radius
Explain the features of Lunate (Semi-lunar) bone:
Shape, Position, Articulation (proximally and Distally), also commonly known for….
like half moon (semi-lunar), 2nd bone on proximal row, articulates with radius proximally, with capitate distally
Explain the features of Triquetrum (triangular) bone:
shape, position, articulation
triangular shape bone, 3rd bone on the proximal row, it articulates with lunate laterally, pisiform anteriorly, hamate distally
explain the features of pisiform:
shape, position, articulation
pea shape palpable, 4th bone on the proximal row, articulates with triquetrum posteriorly
explain the features of the trapezium (greater multangular):
shape, position,
irregular shape many angles, 1st bone on distal row,
explain the features of the trapezoid (lesser multangular):
shape and position
wedge shape small, 2nd bone on the distal row
explain the features of the capitate (os magnum):
size, position, articulation
largest of the wrist bones, 3rd bone on the distal row, center of the wrist, articulates with lunate bone
explain the features of the Hamate (unciform):
position, actual unique feature
4th bone on the distal row of the wrist, identified by its hook shaped feature call the hamulus
what is interphalangeal joint (IP)? what type of joint is it?
it is the name of the joint that is formed in first digit, between distal and proximal phalanges. Ginglymus or (hinge)
for other digits, 2-5, they also have IP(s) but are added as they have middle phalanges. What are the joints on digits 2-5 called?
Distal IP and Proximal IP then name which digit they belong to.
What is MCP joint? what kind of joints are they?
It is a joint that is formed to facilitate articulation between metacarpals and phalanges. Ellipsoidal joint
what type of joint is Ellipsoidal?
its a joint that allows for axis rotation at the right angles to the primary plane of movement.
what do we call the joint that joins the metacarpals and carpals?
carpometacarpal joints
what joint allows the thumb, 1st digit, for freer movements than other digits?
1st CMC joint is a sellar type joint
joints between carpals are call? what kind of joints are they?
intercarpal joints, gliding/plane type joint
Radiocarpal joint is a joint that is an articulation of the____, Scaphoid and _____ bone
Radius, lunate
what does the ulna articulates with in the radiocarpal joint?
Radius
Trauma and Disease can be diagnosed from looking at soft tissue and may be the only indication of trouble in a joint.
Fat Pads
Scaphoid fat pads can be located at….
lateral to scaphoid, via x ray, you can see it on the PA and oblique views
Pronator fat stripe can be located at….
anterior distal end of the radius.. can be seen on x ray on the lateral view
Fracture is a _____ in bone
break
Bennette’s fracture is an avulsion fracture sub_____ of the base of the meta____ and includes _______ dislocation
sublaxation, metacarpal, posterior
what is bennette’s fracture common in?
Basketball players
Boxer’s fracture is a transverse fracture of the _____ that extends through the _____ metacarpal with dorsal angulation. It is a result of a….
neck, fifth.
blow to a hand or with the hand
How does skier’s thumb/gamekeeper’s fracture occur?
when over using the mcp joint of the thumb. A piece of the base of the proximal phalanx may have fallen off
Bones of the forearm are…
Radius and Ulna
What is the only forearm bone that is directly involved with the wrist joint and is located laterally?
Radius
Ulna is located _____, it is ______ than radius, and is PRIMARY involved in _____ joint
medially, longer, elbow
Where do the Radius and Ulna articulate?
At the proximal and distal Radioulnar joint
What does the Radioulnar joint allow the hand and wrist to do?
move and rotate
In Radiographic positioning, what happens when you try to x ray the forearm in the PA position?
the radius crosses over/superimposed.
The head of the radius:
shape, articulates, and what does it help us with?
flat and disc like, articulates with capitulum, helps us supinate and pronate the hand and forearm
Radial tuberosity:
shape, location
small, rounded, elevated process, located below the neck medially
On distal extremity of the Radius you can find 3 things, what are they?
carpal articular surface, ulnar notch, and radial styloid process
what does the carpal articular surface of the Radius articulate with?
scaphoid and lunate
where is ulna notch located?
on the distal portion of the radius
What can be found at the proximal end of the Ulna? 3 things
Olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch and radial notch
what does the olecranon process-fossa prevent?
hyperextension of the forearm
what does the coronoid process-fossa prevent?
Hyperflexion
what does trochlear notch articulate with?
distal end of the humerous
where is radial notch located and what is it for?
located on the proximal end of ulna, articulates with radius
where is the head of the ulna located?
distal end of the ulna, near the wrist
in the distal part of the humerus, what makes up the humeral condyle?
trochlea and capitulum
Trochlea is also known as medial condyle, what does it articulate with and what is the smooth depressed center portion called?
it is shaped like a pulley, located medially, articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna, that groove is called trochlear sulcus
What does Capitulum articulates with? what is its’ function?
with the head of the radius, provides stability of the joint
Epicondyles can be found in both sides of the distal humerus, what are they called?
Medial and lateral epicondyles
Coronoid fossa is located on the ____ bone, located on the ____ and _____ portion
Humerus, anterior, distal
Olecranon Fossa is located on the ____ bone, on the ____ and ____ portion
humerus, posterior, distal
what does olecranon fossa and Coronoid fossa prevent?
Olec prevents hyperextension and Coronoid prevents hyperflexion
what type of joint is the elbow joint?
synovial/diarthrodial
What joins together to form a fulcrum of elbow joint?
Trochlea notch of ulna and Trochlea of humerus
What does the Radius directly articulate with?
Capitulum , “cap goes on the head of the radius”
What are the three concentric arcs?
Trochlear sulcus, outer ridges of capitulum, trochlea notch of the ulna
what are the 3 bones that humerus articulates with?
scapula, Radius, and Ulna
What bone feature is surgical neck part of? and why ?
Humerus, it’s the neck that if fractured will require a surgery.
What position of the humerus produces a true AP projection?
External rotation
how do you determine if the humerus is in a true AP position?
epicondyles are parallel to the bucky
what motion will give humerus a lateral position?
internal rotation
when should you use a natural position for humerus view?
on trauma patient, when rotation is more harm than good
The humerus is part of the shoulder girdle T/F?
False, only scapula and clavicle form the shoulder girdle
how do you locate Anterior fat pad?
it is anterior portion of the distal humerus
how do you locate Supinator fat pad?
Anterior to proximal radius
what would supinator fat pad signify?
fx that are not obvious on the radial head
what fat pad is located deep within the olecranon fossa?
posterior fat pad.
what are the three arcs that are visible during a lateral elbow view?
Trochlear sulcus, Ridges of the capitulum, Trochlear notch
where should IR placement be for AC joint views?
2 inches above the AC joints
CR of the AC joint views should be ….
1 inch above the jugular notch
where is the CR on the OBL finger view, LAT finger, and PA finger?
On the PIP of the affected finger
Where is the CR placed on LAT thumb and OBL thumb?
on the first MCP joint
PT position in finger views?
elbow flexed 90
what is another name for intertubercular groove?
bicipital groove
