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Upper Extremities > Hand and Wrist > Flashcards

Hand and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

how many bones are in the hand and wrist?

A

27 bones

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2
Q

what are the 3 divisions of the hand?

A

Phalanges x14, Metacarpals x5, and Carpal x8

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3
Q

which of the 3 division is considered to be a long bone?

A

Phalanges

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4
Q

how are phalanges numbered?

A

from lateral to medial (thumb is 1 - 5 is pinky)

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5
Q

what are the 3 rows of phalange division?

A

Proximal, middle, and distal

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6
Q

what is the distal end of the phalanx called?

A

ungual tuberosity, ungual tuft

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7
Q

the thumb does not have, which row of phalanx?

A

middle. only has distal and proximal

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8
Q

Each phalanx (proximal AND distal) has 3 parts, what are they?

A

Head, body, base

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9
Q

Metacarpal are also classified as ____ bone

A

long

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10
Q

first metacarpal is known to be shortest, _____ and st_____. It articulates with tra______ pro______ and has _ sesa_____ bones on the ante_____ side at the _____

A

widest, strongest, trapezium proximally, 2, sesamoid bones, anterior, head

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11
Q

second metacarpal is ______. articulates pro_____ with the tra_______

A

longest, proximally w/ trapezoid

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12
Q

third metacarpal bone articulates with ______

A

capitate , proximally

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13
Q

fourth metacarpal articulates with _____

A

hamate, proximally,

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14
Q

fifth metacarpal is the most frequently ______ (), articulates proximally with ______

A

fractured, (boxer’s fract), hamate

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15
Q

each metacarpal has three parts, head, shaft, and base, what does the head and base articulate with?

A

head of the metacarpal articulates with the phalanx it is numbered, and base articulates with the carpals

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16
Q

Carpal division is classified as ____ bones

A

short

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17
Q

how are the carpals arranged?

A

distal and proximal rows

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18
Q

how many bones are in each row?

A

4 (8)

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19
Q

what are the bones in the proximal row of the carpal division?

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform

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20
Q

what are the bones in the distal row of the carpal division?

A

Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate

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21
Q

Explain the features of Scaphoid (navicular)bone:

Shape, Size, position, articulation

A

boat shape, largest size, most lateral and proximal, articulates with radius

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22
Q

Explain the features of Lunate (Semi-lunar) bone:

Shape, Position, Articulation (proximally and Distally), also commonly known for….

A

like half moon (semi-lunar), 2nd bone on proximal row, articulates with radius proximally, with capitate distally

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23
Q

Explain the features of Triquetrum (triangular) bone:

shape, position, articulation

A

triangular shape bone, 3rd bone on the proximal row, it articulates with lunate laterally, pisiform anteriorly, hamate distally

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24
Q

explain the features of pisiform:

shape, position, articulation

A

pea shape palpable, 4th bone on the proximal row, articulates with triquetrum posteriorly

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25
Q

explain the features of the trapezium (greater multangular):

shape, position,

A

irregular shape many angles, 1st bone on distal row,

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26
Q

explain the features of the trapezoid (lesser multangular):

shape and position

A

wedge shape small, 2nd bone on the distal row

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27
Q

explain the features of the capitate (os magnum):

size, position, articulation

A

largest of the wrist bones, 3rd bone on the distal row, center of the wrist, articulates with lunate bone

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28
Q

explain the features of the Hamate (unciform):

position, actual unique feature

A

4th bone on the distal row of the wrist, identified by its hook shaped feature call the hamulus

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29
Q

what is interphalangeal joint (IP)? what type of joint is it?

A

it is the name of the joint that is formed in first digit, between distal and proximal phalanges. Ginglymus or (hinge)

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30
Q

for other digits, 2-5, they also have IP(s) but are added as they have middle phalanges. What are the joints on digits 2-5 called?

A

Distal IP and Proximal IP then name which digit they belong to.

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31
Q

What is MCP joint? what kind of joints are they?

A

It is a joint that is formed to facilitate articulation between metacarpals and phalanges. Ellipsoidal joint

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32
Q

what type of joint is Ellipsoidal?

A

its a joint that allows for axis rotation at the right angles to the primary plane of movement.

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33
Q

what do we call the joint that joins the metacarpals and carpals?

A

carpometacarpal joints

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34
Q

what joint allows the thumb, 1st digit, for freer movements than other digits?

A

1st CMC joint is a sellar type joint

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35
Q

joints between carpals are call? what kind of joints are they?

A

intercarpal joints, gliding/plane type joint

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36
Q

Radiocarpal joint is a joint that is an articulation of the____, Scaphoid and _____ bone

A

Radius, lunate

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37
Q

what does the ulna articulates with in the radiocarpal joint?

A

Radius

38
Q

Trauma and Disease can be diagnosed from looking at soft tissue and may be the only indication of trouble in a joint.

A

Fat Pads

39
Q

Scaphoid fat pads can be located at….

A

lateral to scaphoid, via x ray, you can see it on the PA and oblique views

40
Q

Pronator fat stripe can be located at….

A

anterior distal end of the radius.. can be seen on x ray on the lateral view

41
Q

Fracture is a _____ in bone

A

break

42
Q

Bennette’s fracture is an avulsion fracture sub_____ of the base of the meta____ and includes _______ dislocation

A

sublaxation, metacarpal, posterior

43
Q

what is bennette’s fracture common in?

A

Basketball players

44
Q

Boxer’s fracture is a transverse fracture of the _____ that extends through the _____ metacarpal with dorsal angulation. It is a result of a….

A

neck, fifth.

blow to a hand or with the hand

45
Q

How does skier’s thumb/gamekeeper’s fracture occur?

A

when over using the mcp joint of the thumb. A piece of the base of the proximal phalanx may have fallen off

46
Q

Bones of the forearm are…

A

Radius and Ulna

47
Q

What is the only forearm bone that is directly involved with the wrist joint and is located laterally?

A

Radius

48
Q

Ulna is located _____, it is ______ than radius, and is PRIMARY involved in _____ joint

A

medially, longer, elbow

49
Q

Where do the Radius and Ulna articulate?

A

At the proximal and distal Radioulnar joint

50
Q

What does the Radioulnar joint allow the hand and wrist to do?

A

move and rotate

51
Q

In Radiographic positioning, what happens when you try to x ray the forearm in the PA position?

A

the radius crosses over/superimposed.

52
Q

The head of the radius:

shape, articulates, and what does it help us with?

A

flat and disc like, articulates with capitulum, helps us supinate and pronate the hand and forearm

53
Q

Radial tuberosity:

shape, location

A

small, rounded, elevated process, located below the neck medially

54
Q

On distal extremity of the Radius you can find 3 things, what are they?

A

carpal articular surface, ulnar notch, and radial styloid process

55
Q

what does the carpal articular surface of the Radius articulate with?

A

scaphoid and lunate

56
Q

where is ulna notch located?

A

on the distal portion of the radius

57
Q

What can be found at the proximal end of the Ulna? 3 things

A

Olecranon process, coronoid process, trochlear notch and radial notch

58
Q

what does the olecranon process-fossa prevent?

A

hyperextension of the forearm

59
Q

what does the coronoid process-fossa prevent?

A

Hyperflexion

60
Q

what does trochlear notch articulate with?

A

distal end of the humerous

61
Q

where is radial notch located and what is it for?

A

located on the proximal end of ulna, articulates with radius

62
Q

where is the head of the ulna located?

A

distal end of the ulna, near the wrist

63
Q

in the distal part of the humerus, what makes up the humeral condyle?

A

trochlea and capitulum

64
Q

Trochlea is also known as medial condyle, what does it articulate with and what is the smooth depressed center portion called?

A

it is shaped like a pulley, located medially, articulates with trochlear notch of the ulna, that groove is called trochlear sulcus

65
Q

What does Capitulum articulates with? what is its’ function?

A

with the head of the radius, provides stability of the joint

66
Q

Epicondyles can be found in both sides of the distal humerus, what are they called?

A

Medial and lateral epicondyles

67
Q

Coronoid fossa is located on the ____ bone, located on the ____ and _____ portion

A

Humerus, anterior, distal

68
Q

Olecranon Fossa is located on the ____ bone, on the ____ and ____ portion

A

humerus, posterior, distal

69
Q

what does olecranon fossa and Coronoid fossa prevent?

A

Olec prevents hyperextension and Coronoid prevents hyperflexion

70
Q

what type of joint is the elbow joint?

A

synovial/diarthrodial

71
Q

What joins together to form a fulcrum of elbow joint?

A

Trochlea notch of ulna and Trochlea of humerus

72
Q

What does the Radius directly articulate with?

A

Capitulum , “cap goes on the head of the radius”

73
Q

What are the three concentric arcs?

A

Trochlear sulcus, outer ridges of capitulum, trochlea notch of the ulna

74
Q

what are the 3 bones that humerus articulates with?

A

scapula, Radius, and Ulna

75
Q

What bone feature is surgical neck part of? and why ?

A

Humerus, it’s the neck that if fractured will require a surgery.

76
Q

What position of the humerus produces a true AP projection?

A

External rotation

77
Q

how do you determine if the humerus is in a true AP position?

A

epicondyles are parallel to the bucky

78
Q

what motion will give humerus a lateral position?

A

internal rotation

79
Q

when should you use a natural position for humerus view?

A

on trauma patient, when rotation is more harm than good

80
Q

The humerus is part of the shoulder girdle T/F?

A

False, only scapula and clavicle form the shoulder girdle

81
Q

how do you locate Anterior fat pad?

A

it is anterior portion of the distal humerus

82
Q

how do you locate Supinator fat pad?

A

Anterior to proximal radius

83
Q

what would supinator fat pad signify?

A

fx that are not obvious on the radial head

84
Q

what fat pad is located deep within the olecranon fossa?

A

posterior fat pad.

85
Q

what are the three arcs that are visible during a lateral elbow view?

A

Trochlear sulcus, Ridges of the capitulum, Trochlear notch

86
Q

where should IR placement be for AC joint views?

A

2 inches above the AC joints

87
Q

CR of the AC joint views should be ….

A

1 inch above the jugular notch

88
Q

where is the CR on the OBL finger view, LAT finger, and PA finger?

A

On the PIP of the affected finger

89
Q

Where is the CR placed on LAT thumb and OBL thumb?

A

on the first MCP joint

90
Q

PT position in finger views?

A

elbow flexed 90

91
Q

what is another name for intertubercular groove?

A

bicipital groove

Upper Extremities (2 decks)

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