Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
What are halogenoalkanes?
Halogenoalkanes are alkanes with halogen atoms in place of a hydrogen atom.
Describe the structure of a primary halogenoalkane.
A primary halogenoalkane has two hydrogen atoms and one alkyl group.
Describe the structure of a secondary halogenoalkane.
A secondary halogenoalkane has one hydrogen atom and two alkyl groups.
Describe the structure of a tertiary halogenoalkane.
A tertiary halogenoalkane has no hydrogen atoms and three alkyl groups.
What is the type of reaction when halogenoalkanes are hydrolysed to form alcohols?
Nucleophilic substitution
What would you use to hydrolyse halogenoalkanes?
Water
Describe the experiment used to compare the reactivity of halogenoalkanes.
- Put silver nitrate solution in mixture
- Silver ions react with halide ions
- Gives silver halide precipitate
- Three test tubes of halogenoalkane, ethanol, silver nitrate solution
- Time how long it takes for a precipitate to form in each test tube
Which halogenoalkanes are hydrolysed the fastest?
Iodoalkanes
Which bond must be broken in order to hydrolyse a halogenoalkane?
The carbon-halogen bond
How quickly different halogenoalkanes are hydrolysed depends on what?
The carbon-halogen bond enthalpy
Bond enthalpy depends on what?
The size of halogen
Describe the change in size of halogens DOWN Group 7.
The size of halogen increased going down group 7.
