Halogenoalkanes Flashcards
Define a nucleophile
An electron pair donor
What do nucleophiles attack
Polar bonds
What do nucleophiles take the place of
The functional group on a molecule
What forms when a hydroxide ion reacts with a halogenoalkane
What is the name of this reaction
An alcohol
Hydrolysis reaction
What are the conditions for the reaction between halogenoalkane and hydroxide ion
Warm, aqueous potassium/sodium hydroxide
What forms when a cyanide ion reacts with a halogenoalkane
Forms a nitrile
What conditions are needed for the reaction between a cyanide ion and halogenoalkane
Warm, ethanolic KCN under reflux
What forms in the reaction between ammonia and a halogenoalkane
Forms an amine
What conditions are needed for the reaction between ammonia and a halogenoalkane
Warm with excess ethanolic ammonia
What can the amine group act as and why
It can act as a nucleophile as it has a lone pair
What halogenoalkane reacts the slowest and why
Flouroalkanes as the C-F bond has highest bond Enthalpy, o requires the most energy to break
What halogenoalkane reacts the fastest
Iodoalkanes as C-I bond has lowest bond Enthalpy so requires least energy to break
What does an elimination reaction form
Forms an alkene and water
What reaction forms an alkene and water
Elimination
What does the OH- ions act as in an elimination reaction
Acts as a base
Describe an elimination reaction
A small group breaks away and isn’t replaced
