Alkenes Flashcards
What species attacks alkenes
Electrophiles
Why do electrophiles attack alkenes
The C=C bond has high electron density so attracts electrophiles
Define an electrophile
An electron acceptor
Give 2 examples of what electrophiles can be and why
- positive ions
- polar molecules
Both these work as charges attract
What does the reaction between an alkene and a hydrogen halide form
What is the name of this mechanism
A halogenoalkane
Electrophilic addition mechanism
When will 2 products be formed in an electrophilic addition reaction
When an unsymmetrical alkene is used
What does the amount of each product formed depend on (unsymmetrical alkene)
Which carbocation is most stable
What makes a carbocation more stable
More alkyl groups attached
List the order of most stable to least stable carbocations
Tertiary carbocation —> secondary carbocation —> primary carbocation
What conditions are needed for the alkene —> alcohol reaction
Cold concentrated sulphuric acid and warm water
What does an alkene and cold sulfuric acid form
Alkyl hydrogen sulfate
What does an alkyl hydrogen sulfate and warm water form
Alcohol and sulfuric acid
What does sulfuric acid act as in the alkene —> alcohol reaction
Acts as a catalyst
