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Organic Chemistry > Haloalkanes & Haloarenes > Flashcards

Haloalkanes & Haloarenes Flashcards

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1
Q

PCl₅ + Red P + Cl₂

A

ROH→R-Cl + POCl₃ + HCl

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2
Q

Mg + Dry ether

A

Prep. of GR

R-X + Mg → R-MgX

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3
Q

aq. NaOH, 368K / H₃O⁺

A

C₆H₃Cl(NO₂)₂ + NaOH (aq) → C₆H₃(OH)(NO₂)₂ (o,p - dinitro)

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4
Q

hν

A

Halogenation - attacks only alkane part

(Replacement Factor Rule)

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5
Q

R(CO)X + anhyd. AlX₃

A

FC Acylation

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6
Q

Cu + Dry ether

A

Ulman rxn

2 C₆H₅-X + 2 Cu → C₆H₅-C₆H₅ + 2 CuX₂

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7
Q

SbF₃ / HF / AgF / Δ

A

Swartz rxn

R-X + AgF/Δ → R-F + AgX

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8
Q

HBr + ROOR’

A

Anti - Markovnikov

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9
Q

LDA (Lithium diisopropyl amine)
(CH₃)₃CO⁻

A

Elimination (E₂)

Hofmann product is Major

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10
Q

HCl + CuCl₂ / Δ

A

Raschig process

C₆H₆ + HCl + CuCl₂ / Δ → C₆H₅Cl

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11
Q

H₂O/ Warm

A

C₆H₂Cl(NO₂)₃ + NaOH (aq) → C₆H₂(OH)(NO₂)₃ (Picric Acid)

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12
Q

R’-OH

A

RX →R-O-R’

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13
Q

NaNO₂ + HCl

A

Diazotization

C₆H₅NH₂ + HNO₂ + HCl → C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + 2 H₂O

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14
Q

aq. NaOH, 443K / H₃O⁺

A

NO₂-C₆H₄-Cl→ NO₂-C₆H₄-OH (p-nitrophenol)

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15
Q

NH₃

A

RX →R-NH₂

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16
Q

FeX₃ + X₂

or Fe + X₂

A

Halogenation

C₆H₆ + X₂ + FeX₃ → C₆H₅X + HX + FeX₂

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17
Q

Poly Halo Compounds

A

Preparation and Properties of

Dihalo
Trihalo
Tetrahalo

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18
Q

alc. KOH
alc. NaOH
NH₂⁻
EtO⁻Na⁺ (Sodium ethoxide)

A

E₂ – Polar aprotic, Strong base

E₁ – Polar protic, Strong base in high temp.

E₁cb – If F is the leaving group (fluoroalkane)

E₁,E₂ - Saytzeff is major
E₁cb - hofmann is major

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19
Q

Cl₂ / H₂O (HOCl)
Br₂ / H₂O (HOBr)
Cl-I

A

Markovnikov of -OH (i.e O is more EN than Cl)
Markovnikov of -OH (i.e O is more EN than Br)
Markovnikov of -Cl (i.e Cl is more EN than I)

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20
Q

I₂ / HNO₃

A

C₆H₆→ C₆H₅I

(HNO₃ increase reactivity towards substitution of I⁻)

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21
Q

H₂SO₄ + SO₃
(Fuming sulphuric acid/oleum - H₂S₂O₇)

A

Sulphonation

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22
Q

NaOH + X₂

A

Haloform test
R-CO-CH₃ + X₂ + NaOH → R-COONa + CHX₃ (ppt.)

(X₂ = I₂ –> Iodoform test in presence of Keto methyl group

CHI₃ - yellow ppt.)

23
Q

Sn + HCl

A

Reduction
C₆H₅NO₂ + Sn/HCl → C₆H₅NH₂

24
Q

CuCN

A

C₆H₅Cl → C₆H₅CN

25
Q

NaNO₂ / KNO₂

A

RX → R-ONO (Nitrite)

26
Q

NaCN / KCN

A

RX →RCN

27
Q

HBF₄ / Δ

A

Balz Schiemann rxn

C₆H₅N₂X → C₆H₅F

28
Q

Red P / X₂ / Δ

A

In Situ Process

R-OH → RX

29
Q

AgNO₂

A

RX→R-NO₂

30
Q

NaI + Dry acetone

A

Finkelstein rxn

R-x + NaI → R-I + Nax

31
Q

conc. H₂SO₄+ conc. HNO₃

A

Nitration

32
Q

CCl₄

A

R(CO)OAg + Br₂ → RBr

Hunsdiecker rxn

33
Q

NCS

NBS

A

Allylic substitution
R-CH=CH-CH₃ + X₂ → R-CH=CH-CH₂-X

NBS - Allylic substitution & Benzylic substitution

34
Q

Chloral + 2 Chlorobenzene

A

DDT

35
Q

Cl₂ / 500°C

A

Allylic substitution

R-CH=CH-CH₃ + X₂ → R-CH=CH-CH₂-X

36
Q

H₂S

A

RX →R-SH (Thiol)

37
Q

H₂O

A

RX→R-OH

38
Q

RX + anhd. AlX₃

A

FC Alkylation

39
Q

anhdyd. ZnCl₂ + HCl

A

Lucas test

RCH₂OH + HCl + ZnCl₂ → RCH₂Cl + H₂O

Note:

3° Alchol do not need anhdyd. ZnCl₂
only 1° and 2° needs anhdyd. ZnCl₂

40
Q

Na + Dry ether

A

Wurtz
(2 R-X + 2 Na → R-R + 2 NaX)

Fittig
(2 C₆H₅X + 2 Na → C₆H₅-C₆H₅ + 2 NaX)

Wurtz - Fittig
(R-X + C₆H₅-X + 2 Na → R- C₆H₅ + 2 NaX)

41
Q

SO₂Cl₂ + hν / ROOR’

A

Allylic substitution

R-CH=CH-CH₃ + X₂ → R-CH=CH-CH₂-X

42
Q

PCl₃ + Red P + Cl₂

A

ROH → R-Cl + H₃PO₃

43
Q

KI

A

Sandmeyer’s rxn

C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻→ C₆H₅I

44
Q

AgCN

A

RX →RNC

45
Q

Cu₂O + NH₃ / 200°C / 60 atm

A

C₆H₅Cl → C₆H₅NH₂

46
Q

HBr

A

Markovnikov

47
Q

SOCl₂

A

R-OH + SOCl₂ →R-Cl + HCl + SO₂
(Darzens process)

note:
1.SOCl₂ - Retention pdt.
2. SOCl₂ + Base (e.g. - Py) - Inversion pdt.

48
Q

Cu / HCl

Cu / HBr

A

Gattermann rxn

C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + Cu + HX → C₆H₅X + N₂

X = Cl, Br

49
Q

Cu₂Cl₂ / HCl

Cu₂Br₂ / HCl

A

Sandmeyer’s rxn
(BDC –> Halobenzene)

C₆H₅N₂⁺Cl⁻ + Cu₂X₂ + HX → C₆H₅X + N₂ + CuX

X = Cl, Br

50
Q

R’ -C≡C-Na

A

RX→R-C≡C-R’

preparation of R’C≡C-Na by NaNH₂ in NH₃

51
Q

aq. NaOH / 623K / 300 atm

A

Dows Process (Benzyne mechanism)

C₆H₅Cl + NaOH → C₆H₅O⁻Na⁺ + H₃O⁺→C₆H₅OH

52
Q

Cl₂ / CCl₄ (dark)

A

Anti - Addition

53
Q

Zn/HCl

PS : ZnCl₂ + HCl - lucas reagent

A

CHCl₃ + Zn/HCl → CH₂Cl₂

CH₂Cl₂ + Zn/HCl → CH₃Cl

CH₃Cl + Zn/HCl → CH₄

Note:

1.C₆H₅CCl₃ + Zn/HCl → C₆H₅CH₃
2. -CCl₃ is a m-directing group

54
Q

HNO₃ + CHCl₃

A

HNO₃ + CHCl₃ → CCl₃NO₂ (Chloropicrin)

Organic Chemistry (5 decks)

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