Aldehyde, Ketones and Carboxylic acid

Question 1

1.Strong O.A.
KMnO₄/ H⁺
K₂Cr₂O₇/ H⁺

2.Mild O.A.
DMSO
PCC
PDC
Jones Reagent
Fenton’s Reagent
Collins/saretts Reagent
CAN
Ex.: Jones reagent acts as strong O.A. in 1° Alcohol

Answer 1

DMSO - Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Jones Reagent - CrO₃ + H₂SO₄ in acetone
Fenton’s Reagent - FeSO₄ + H₂O₂
Collins/saretts Reagent - CrO₃ + Py in CH₂Cl₂
CAN - Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (Ce⁴⁺)

1° Alcohol + mild O.A. → Aldehyde

2° Alcohol + mild O.A./Strong O.A. → Ketone

Question 2

3° Al butoxide

Al isopropoxide

Answer 2

Oppenauer Oxidation

R₂CHOH + 3° Al butoxide →
R₂C=O

R₂C=O + Al isopropoxide → R₂CHOH

Question 3

O₃/THF
Zn/H₂O

Answer 3

Reductive Ozonolysis

Add O to the = bond

CH₂=CH₂ → HCHO + HCHO

Question 4

CO + H₂O - Water/syn gas
Co₂(CO)₈

Answer 4

Oxo process/ Hydroformylation

R-CH=CH₂→ R-CH₂-CH₂-CHO

Question 5

Dry distillation
Δ

Answer 5

Acid derivative of Ca→ Ketone/Aldehyde + CaCO₃

Refer Notes

Question 6

Pd / BaSO₄

Answer 6

Rosenmund Reduction

R-CO-Cl + H₂ → R-CHO + HCl

Question 7

SnCl₂ / HCl

Answer 7

Stephens Reduction (Non selective - strong R.A.)

R-CN + SnCl₂/HCl → R-CH=NH + H₃O⁺→ RCHO + NH₄Cl

Question 8

DIBAL-H

DiIsoButylALuminium Hydride

Answer 8

Selective Reduction (Weak R.A.)

R-CH=CH-CN + DIBAL-H→ R -CH=CH-CH=NH + H₃O⁺→ R-CH=CH-CHO + NH₃

= bond intact

RCOOR’ + DIBAL-H → RCHO = R’-OH

Question 9

GR → Carbonyl compounds

Answer 9

Refer notes

Question 10

H₂O

Answer 10

Gem-di-hal → Carbonyl compounds

refer notes

Question 11

1.CrO₂Cl₂ + CS₂/CCl₄
2. H₃O⁺

Answer 11

Etard rxn

C₆H₅-CH₃ → C₆H₅-CH(OCrOHCl₂)₂ → C₆H₅-CHO

the terminal CH₃ is converted into CHO

Question 12

CO/CO₂ + dry HCl + anhydr. AlCl₃ + CuCl

Answer 12

Gatterman Koch

C₆H₆ → C₆H₅CHO

Question 13

HCN + HCl + H₂O

Answer 13

C₆H₆ → C₆H₅CHO

Question 14

NaOH + I₂

Answer 14

Iodoform rxn

Question 15

SeO₂
Oxidation

Answer 15

EWG-CH₂- → EWG-CO-

CHO-CH₃ → CHO-CHO (Glyoxal)