Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Question 1

Used to treat typhus fever:

Answer 1

Chloramphenicol

Question 2

Used to treat malaria:

Answer 2

Chloroquine

Question 3

The common name for vicinal dihalides:

Answer 3

Alkylene dihalide

Question 4

The common name for gem dihalide:

Answer 4

Aklylidene halide

Question 5

Order of reactivity to reactions of alcohol:

Answer 5

3>2>1

Question 6

Order of reactivity to free radicle halogenation:

Answer 6

3>2>1

Question 7

Test for unsaturation:

Answer 7

Decolorisation of reddish-brown bromine water

Question 8

Metal flourides:

Answer 8

Hg2F2, CoF2, SbF3, AgF

Question 9

KCN:

Answer 9

(Ionic) CN-
RCN: Cyanide

Question 10

AgCN

Answer 10

(Covalent) XCN-
RNC: isocyanide

Question 11

NaNO2/KNO2

Answer 11

R-ONO (nitrile)

Question 12

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~~~

AgNO2

Answer 12

R-NO2 (nitro)

Question 13

Order of reactivity in Sn2

Answer 13

1>2>3 (Based on steric hindrance)

Question 14

Polar protic solvent:

Answer 14

Has dielectric constant greater than 5

Question 15

Order of reactivity in Sn1

Answer 15

3>2>1 (stabilising effect)

Question 16

Dextorotatory compounds:

Answer 16

(+)/d-form compounds
Show optical activity to the right, clockwise

Question 17

Laevorotatory:

Answer 17

(-)/l-form compounds
Show optical activity to the left, anticlockwise

Question 18

Sn2 proceeds with:

Answer 18

Inversion

Question 19

Sn1 proceeds with:

Answer 19

Racemisation

Question 20

Alc. KOH:

Answer 20

C2H5O- –> bulky nucleophile —> preferes to abstract a proton and act as a base —-> elimination over substitution —-> alkene.

Question 21

Aq. KOH:

Answer 21

OH- - –> STRONG nucleophile —> preferes to act as a nucleophile —-> substitution over elimination —-> alcohol.

Question 22

Dichloro methane:

Answer 22

CH2Cl2
-solvent for paint removers, propellors for aerosols and use to manufacture drugs.
-Impraired vision + hearing, can burn the skin and the cornea, can cause dizziness and tingling of the hands and legs.

Question 23

Trichloro-methane:

Answer 23

CHCl3
- As a solvent for fats and alkoids.
- Used to make freons
- Used as an anesthetic
- Can depress the nervous system, causing fatigue and dizziness.
- Can damange the liver, where it is metabolised to phosgene (CoCl2)
CHCl3 + O2 —–> COCl2 + 2HCl

Question 24

Tetrachloro-methane

Answer 24

CCl4
-For refrigerants and propellants
-Used to synthesise chloroflorocarbons
-Was used for cleaning
-Can cause liver cancer, permanent nerve damange, stupor, coma and even death.
-Depletes the ozone layer

Question 25

Freons

Answer 25

-Chloroflorocarbons of methane and ethane
Freon 12: CCl2F2 (manufactured from tetrachloromethane by Swarts reaction)

Question 26

DDT:

Answer 26

P,P-Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloro-ethane

Question 27

Aromatic and Aliphatic:

Answer 27

Test with aq. NaOH, followed by AgNo3—> white ppt.

Aromatic : doesn’t answer the test
Aliphatic: does answer the test

Question 28

Allylic and Vinylic:

Answer 28

Aq. KOH, followed by AgNO3, white ppt.

Allylic: answeres the test
Vinylic: doesn’t answer the test

Question 29

Unsaturated vs saturated:

Answer 29

Bromine water test

Unsaturated: answeres the test
Saturdated: doesn’t answer the test

Question 30

Trichloromethane (chloroform) and tetrachloromethane

Answer 30

Reaction with alc.KOH (3KOH) and RNH2 —-> RNC (isocyanide) + 3KCl + 3H2O