Haloalkanes And Haloarenes Flashcards
State Wurtz rxn
2RX + Na = RR + 2NaX
State Finkelstein rxn
RX + NaI = RI +NaX
State Swartz rxn
RX + AgF = RF +AgX
What are Haloalkanes
Open chain of CX derivatives with halogen attached to sp3 hybridised C are haloalkanes
What are haloarenes
Close chain of CX derivatives where halogen is attached to sp2 hybridised C are haloarenes
Name a disease because of iodine deficiency
Goiter
How to prepare haloalkanes from alcohol
ROH + HX = RX +H2O
OR
ROH + PCl5 = RCl + POCl3
State Free Radical Halogenation
R + Cl2 + UV rays = RCl
How to create haloalkane form alkene
R=R + HX = R-RCl
How to prepare haloarenes form toulene
Toulene +X2 = o-halotoulene
Why we do not prepare flouro compounds from toulene
Due to high reactivity of Flouro compounds
State Sandmeyer rxn
Anilene + NaNO2 = BDC
BDC + Cu2X2 = haloarene
State physical properties of RX
Colourless when pure
Sweet smell
High MP and BP
(Boiling point decrease with increase in branching)
State NSR of haloalkanes
Nu- + RX = RNu + X-
What are ambident Nucleophile
Nucleophiles having two or more Nucleophilic centers
Examples CN, NO2
What is Mechanism of Sn2 rxn
Nu interacts with RX causing the CX bond to break and form new bond with attacking Nu
What is inversion of configuration
The inversion of configuration of haloalkane due to attacking Nu is called inversion of configuration
What is configuration
The 3d arrangement of functional group around C is called configuration
State Sn1 mechanism
Polarised CX bond undergoes slow cleavage to produce a C+ ion .
C+ ion is then attacked by Nu
State Grignard rxn
RX + Mg = RMgX
Why are aryl halides less reactive toward NSR
CX have partial double bond character which are hard to break
How to make phenol from aryl halide
Aryl halide + NaOH = phenol
State Halogenation of aryl halides
Aryl halide +X2 +FeCl3 = di aryl halide
State nitration of aryl halide
Aryl halide + Nitrating mixture =
Nitro aryl halide
State sulphonation of aryl halides
Aryl halide + H2SO4 = aryl sulphonic acid
State fridel craft rxn
Aryl halide + CH3Cl = halo toulene
Aryl halide + CH3COCl = halo Acyl benzene
State Wurtz Fittig rxn
Aryl halide + Na + RX = phenyl
State Fittig rxn
Halo benzene + Na = diphenyl