Haloalkanes Flashcards
In an elimination mechanism, what does the -OH act as?
Base (proton acceptor)
Elimination mechanism with 2-bromopropane to an alkene?
Why are there different rates of hydrolysis?
As the bond enthalpy decreases, it is easier to break the C—Halogen bond so rate of reaction increases
What is the method for testing the rate of substitution (hydrolysis) with haloalkane? (5)
1) Place measured sample of each haloalkane into separate test tubes
2) Place in water bath at 50 degrees
3) Into another test tube, place ethanol, water + aqueous silver nitrate in water bath
4) Once equal temperature, add equal volumes of ethanol mixture + haloalkane together
5) Time how long it takes for precipitate to form
Nucleophilic substitution of ammonia with bromoethane?
What are the following for elimination to alkene:
- Reagent
- Conditions
- NaOH, KOH
- Hot ethanolic + concentrated solvent
What are the following for nucleophillic substitution for NH3:
- Reagent
- Conditions
- Type of product
- NH3 (ammonia)
- Excess ammonia (high heat + pressure)
- Amine
Nucleophillic substitution by CN- (nitrile/cyanide) with bromoethane?
For nucleophillic substitution by CN-, what is the:
- Reagent
- Conditions
- Type of product
- KCN
- Aqueous + ethanolic solvent
- Nitrile
With nucleophilic substitution by -OH to alcohol, what is the:
- Reagent
- Conditions
- NaOH or KOH
- Aqueous solvent
Nucleophilic subsitution by -OH with bromoethane to alcohol?
What do curly arrows show?
Show the movement of a pair of electrons
Why are CFCs damagaging to the ozone layer?
Cl. is regenerated in the final propagation step which causes a chain reaction in decompostion of the ozone
Explain why CF3CH3 doesn’t lead to the depletion of the ozone? (2)
- Doesn’t contain Cl
- C—-F bonds are strong + don’t break
Write 3 equations to show how CCl3F is involved in damaging the ozone layer?