Haloalkanes

Question 1

When naming a haloalkanes with 2 different halogens attached, do you write the name in numerical order or alphabetical order

Answer 1

Alphabetical order

Question 2

What are the products of the reaction; haloalkane + water

Answer 2

Alcohol + halide ion

Question 3

What is the reactant used to identify halide ions

Answer 3

Silver nitrate AgNO3

Question 4

When silver nitrate is added to a halide ion what forms

Answer 4

A precipitate of the silver halide ion

Question 5

What is formed when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing bromide ions

Answer 5

A cream precipitate is formed

Question 6

What is formed when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing chloride ions

Answer 6

A white precipitate is formed

Question 7

What is formed when silver nitrate is added to a solution containing iodide ions

Answer 7

A yellow precipitate is formed

Question 8

If you add water to a primary, secondary, and tertiary haloalkane, then add silver nitrate which haloalkane would form the precipitate first

Answer 8

The tertiary haloalkane, then secondary, then primary

Question 9

What is the strongest intermolecular force in a haloalkane

Answer 9

Permanent dipole-dipole

Question 10

Are haloalkanes soluble in water

Answer 10

No

Question 11

As the halogen attached to the alkane increases (going down group 7), what happens to the boiling point and why

Answer 11

-Increases
- Larger atoms so more electrons
- Therefore more London forces
- More energy needed to break

Question 12

Where is the polar bond in a haloalkane

Answer 12

Between carbon and halogen

Question 13

Why is the bond C-X (halogen) polar

Answer 13

Because the halogen is electronegative so attracts the bonded pair electrons towards itself in the covalent bond

Question 14

What is bond enthalpy in haloalkanes

Answer 14

The amount of energy required to break the bond between the carbon and the halogen

Question 15

As the halogen increases (going down group 7) what happens to the bond enthalpy between the carbon and the halogen, and why

Answer 15

It gets alot weaker
- Because atoms get bigger, so distance increases as well as shielding
- So there is less attraction between the outer electrons and the nucleus

Question 16

Does bond polarity or bond enthalpy have a greater effect on how reactive a haloalkane is

Answer 16

Bond enthalpy

Question 17

What is a nucleophile

Answer 17

A species that has a lone pair of electrons

Question 18

What are 4 examples of nucleophiles

Answer 18

• Water
• Ammonia
• Hydroxide ions
• Cyanide

Question 19

When you reach this card draw nucleophilic substitution reaction with hydroxide ion and Bromoethane

Answer 19

Look at answer allery chemistry

Question 20

What are the conditions for a nucleophilic substitution

Answer 20

• Warm
• Ethanolic solvent

Question 21

When drawing the nucleophilic substitution mechanism, what must you include

Answer 21

• Dipoles
• Curly arrows from lone pair to delta positive carbon
• Curly arrows from polar bond to halogen

Question 22

When the bond between the carbon and the halogen of the haloalkane breaks during nucleophilic substitution, what type of bond breaking is it

Answer 22

Heterolytic fission- both electron are going to the halogen, electrons are not shared equally

Question 23

What is the name of the product when bromoethane reactions with cyanide (C_=N) triple bond

Answer 23

Propanenitrile and bromide ion