Hallucinogens Flashcards
Mescaline
Peyote - Spineless cactus Schedule I drug Primary Hallucinogen (altered visual perceptions and perceptions of space and time) 5-HT2 agonist Half life = 6 hrs Reaches peak [ ] w/in 2 hrs Effects last for 10 hrs Do not metabolize until excretion Eaten dry Typical Dose: 200-500 mg A phenethylamine hallucinogen
Indoleamine Hallucinogens
DMT : 1/2 life = 15-30 mins
Mushroom : 1/2 life = 3-5 hrs
LSD : 5-8 hrs
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
1/2 life: 5-8 hrs Synthetic drug Taken orally Analeptic (cardio/respiratory stimulant) Typical Dose: 50-100 ug
Magic Mushrooms (Psilocybin)
Eat dried
1/2 life = 3-5 hrs
Typical Dose: 10-20mg
DMT Plant Origins
Psychotria
Diplopteris
DMT
1/2 life = 15-30 mins
Smoked
Potent Dose: 20-50mg
Phenethylamine Hallucinogen and LSD with Specific 5-HT Receptor Subtypes
Occur for phenethylamine and LSD most commonly with
5-HT 2A
5-HT 2C
the rest 5-HT1-7 are for LSD only
Effects of Hallucinogens - Onset
w/in 1 hr
amplification of colors and visual images seen with closed eyes
(commonly geometric shapes and patterns)
Effects of Hallucinogens - Plateau
2 hours
time slows and visual hallucinations intensify
Effects of Hallucinogens - Peak
2-3 hours visual images are amazing some experience synesthesia (blurring of sensations) euphoria/dysphoria disorganization of the thought depersonalization/ego disintegration
Effects of Hallucinogens - Offset
2 hours of more
symptoms subside
Tolerance - Humans
short lived and hard to demonstrate
Tolerance - Animals
down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors with indolamines but not with phenethylamines
Dependance
No evidence of craving or reinforcement
- Humans: don’t report craving/binging
- Animals: won’t self-administer hallucinogen
No significant withdrawal symptoms
- *less abuse potential than other drugs
- *bad trips and flashbacks (recurrence of hallucinations in absence of drug)
