Hallucinogens

Question 1

Marijuana

Answer 1

MOA: THC binds to CB1 and CB2 receptors and increases DA release

Use: chemotherapy (appetite stimulant and antiemetic); glaucoma; neurogenic pain; MS

Short term Abuse:
- euphoria, pseudohallucinations, paranoia, slowed time perception
Long term Abuse:
- lack of motivation, apathy, impaired memory

Tox: Increased HR, red eyes, weakness, dry mouth; psychotogenic

Question 2

Dronabinol

Answer 2

synthetic cannabinoid – delta-9 THC

Question 3

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

ergot derivative from rye mold

Answer 3

MOA: 5-HT autoreceptor and 5-HT2a,c receptor agonist – causes 5-HT raphe neurons to stop firing; causes DA release; blocks sensory habituation

Abuse: hallucinations, synesthesia, euphoria, increased locomotion

Tox:

• sympathomimetic (increased HR, increased BP, pupil dilation, fever)
• anxiety, terror
• permanent visual changes

PK: tolerance occurs instantaneously so addiction is not possible

Question 4

Psylocybin

‘shrooms

Answer 4

MOA: 5-HT autoreceptor and 5-HT2a,c receptor agonist – causes 5-HT raphe neurons to stop firing; causes DA release; blocks sensory habituation

Use: native american ceremonies

Question 5

Mescaline

peyote

Answer 5

MOA: 5-HT autoreceptor and 5-HT2a,c receptor agonist – causes 5-HT raphe neurons to stop firing; causes DA release; blocks sensory habituation

Use: native american ceremonies

Question 6

Dimethyltryptamine

(DMT, business man’s trip_

Answer 6

MOA: 5-HT autoreceptor and 5-HT2a,c receptor agonist – causes 5-HT raphe neurons to stop firing; causes DA release; blocks sensory habituation

*short duration

Question 7

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine

MDMA, ecstasy

Answer 7

MOA: amphetamine like

Abuse: mydriasis, tooth grinding, jaw tension, ataxia

MDMA may destroy 5-HT receptors, dependent on fever

Question 8

Ketanserin

Answer 8

MOA: 5-HT2a,c receptor antagonist

Use: treatment of hallucinogen overdose, ends hallucinations

Question 9

Phencyclidine (PCP)

Answer 9

MOA: blocks NMDA receptor ion channel and inhibits glutamatergic activity; inhibits DA and NE reuptake

Use: equine anesthesia, neuroprotective

Abuse: unpredictable behavior, euphoria, numbness, catatonia, analgesia

Tox: increased HR and BP, exacerbated psychosis, convulsions, coma, death

Question 10

Ketamine

Answer 10

MOA: blocks NMDA receptor ion channel and inhibits glutamatergic activity; inhibits DA and NE reuptake

Use: anesthetic

Question 11

Human Growth Hormone (hGH)

Answer 11

Use: children with stunted growth; performance enhancer for atheletes

Abuse: increased bone density and muscle mass in adults

Tox: Acromegaly (distortion of facial and finger bones)