Hallucinogens

Question 1

Catecholamines

Answer 1

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline

Question 2

Monoamines

Answer 2

Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Serotonin

Question 3

Hallucinogen classes

Answer 3

Classical psychedelics
Dissociative agents
Deliriants
Oneirogens

Question 4

Classical psychedelic mechanism

Answer 4

5HT2a (serotonin) agonists
Phospholipase C pathway (Gq) over beta-arrestin pathway

Question 5

LSD effects

Answer 5

Dilated pupils, increased heart rate and BP (from elevated 5HT)
Distortion of perception
Adverse psychiatric effects
Hallucinogenic persisting perception disorder (HPPD): reoccurring hallucinations after drug use and elimination

Question 6

LSD tolerance

Answer 6

Single dose can cause strong tolerance for several days
Downregulation of 5HT receptors

Question 7

Psilocybin

Answer 7

Structural mimic to serotonin
Prodrug, becomes psilocin
Partial 5HT agonist, high affinity for 5HT2b/c receptors, lower for 5HT2a (hallucinogenic effects)

Question 8

LSD

Answer 8

High affinity partial 5HT2a agonist, many other targets

Question 9

Dissociative hallucinogens

Answer 9

Produce detachment, depersonalization, analgesia

Question 10

Phencyclidine

Answer 10

Also known as angel dust
NMDA receptor antagonist
DAT (dopamine transporter) inhibitor, addictive

Question 11

Ketamine

Answer 11

NMDA receptor antagonist
Replaced phencyclidine as anesthetic

Question 12

Deliriants

Answer 12

Induces extreme confusing and loss of control of actions
Low lucidity, user may perceive hallucinations as real
Typically anticholinergic

Question 13

Competitive muscarinic cholinergic receptor antagonists

Answer 13

Scopolamine
Atropine
First gen antihistamines can cause delirium

Question 14

Oneirogens

Answer 14

Produce immersive dreamlike state similar to REM state
Visual imagery like psychedelics
Dissociative effects
Low lucidity like deliriants

Question 15

Salvinorin A

Answer 15

From salvia divinorum
Kappa opioid receptor agonist