Half term 2 Flashcards
What is global population distribution?
It refers to how people are spread across the world.
What does population density measure?
Number of people per unit area.
How do choropleth maps represent population density?
Using different shades of one color.
What does a darker shade on a choropleth map indicate?
High population density.
What is the birth rate?
Number of births per one thousand people per year.
What is the fertility rate?
Average number of children born to a woman.
What does the dependency ratio compare?
People aged 0-14 and 65+ to those aged 15-64.
What is the death rate?
Number of deaths per one thousand people per year.
What does life expectancy refer to?
Average period a person may expect to live.
What is natural increase in population?
When the birth rate exceeds the death rate.
What is infant mortality?
Number of babies who do not survive to age 1.
How has global population changed over time?
Low and steady until the 1950s
Rapid increase to eight billion in 2022
Majority of increase in developing countries.
What are the physical reasons for population distribution?
(4)
Climate, Relief, Natural resources, Soil.
What are the human reasons for population distribution?
Employment, Transport, Tourism.
What factors affect birth rates?
(4)
Economic development,
Access to contraception,
Societal expectations of relationships,
Women in education.
What factors affect death rates?
(5)
Healthcare,
Economic development, Availability of medicine,
Water and food security,
Conflict, war, natural disaster.
What do population pyramids represent?
Distribution of people by age and gender
Pyramid shape varies by development and income.
How does conflict influence population pyramids?
It can create unusual population structures.
What characterizes an ageing population?
Higher proportion of older individuals.
What characterizes a youthful population?
Higher proportion of younger individuals.
What is a constrictive population pyramid?
Typical of high-income countries
Narrowing base, broadening to the top
Low fertility rate (e.g., 1.3)
High life expectancy (e.g., 84.9).
What is an expansive population pyramid?
Typical of low-income countries
Broad base, narrow top
High fertility rate (e.g., 4.6)
Low life expectancy (e.g., 63).
What are the challenges of an ageing population?
(6)
Increased government spending on pensions
Decreased economic productivity
Lack of labor force
Social isolation and loneliness
Strain on services (e.g., healthcare)
Increased need for elderly care homes.
What are the challenges of a youthful population?
(5)
High competition for employment
Unemployment and poverty increase
Strain on services (e.g., healthcare)
Increased need for schools and education
More maternity hospitals and schools needed.
What are the opportunities of an ageing population?
(5)
Economic productivity with higher retirement age
Innovation in technology for care
Inclusive infrastructure development
Increased leisure and recreation time
Improved health care and living standards.
What are opportunities of a youthful population?
(4)
Youth vote can drive political reform
Large consumer market
Increased housing market
Increased military capacity.
What is the dependency ratio?
People aged 0-14 and 65+ compared to 15-64.
What is the infant mortality rate?
Number of babies not surviving to age 1.
What is a demographic dividend?
When the share of the working age population is larger than the non-working age.
What is population momentum?
When an increasing number of women enter the reproductive bracket.
What is a youthful population?
(fancy)
A fall in the median age over time with an increase in young dependants.
What is a dependant?
Someone below 16 or above 65.
